Hamed Rouhani Range and Management department, Gonbad-e-Kavouse University, Gonbad, Iran author Elnaz Zaki Rangeland Management Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran author Mojtaba Kashani Statistical Department, Gonbad-e-Kavouse University, Gonbad, Iran author Abolhasan Fathabadi Range and Management department, Gonbad-e-Kavouse University, Gonbad, Iran author text article 2015 per Information on water quality and pollution sources is important for the implementation of sustainable water resource management strategies. In this research, to evaluate spatial variation and the interpretation of large complex water quality data taken at seven different sites along the Gorganrood River were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. The factor analysis generated two significant factors, which explained 97.80% of the variance in data sets. Factor 1 and factor 2 explained 86.27 and 15.76% of the total variance in water quality data sets. Principle components analysis results revealed that surface water quality was mainly controlled by Ca and pH parameters. In next step, information entropy theory applied to interpret the stability of surface water quality variation in each factors and each parameters. Overall results revealed instability in data recorded in Tamar and Galikesh sites and in factor 2, EC and TDS, Lazoreh has highest instability. With a well knowing the factor score and overlaying entropy, infactor1, Mg and Cl had highest stability. The ranks of information entropy values for Mg parameter at Galikesh, Tagi Abad, Basir Abad, Ramian and Tangrah sites vary noticeably due to geological formation. In general, sampling uncertainties are highly site specific. Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran 2423-6098 2 v. 2 no. 2015 129 140 https://ije.ut.ac.ir/article_56143_7730e480cc896e4be704113afd547ace.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/ije.2015.56143 Raoof Mostafazadeh Assistant Professor, Dept. of Rangeland and Watershed Managemnet author Abdolreza Bahremand Associate Professor, Dept. of Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran author Mohsen Zabihi PhD Student in Watershed Management Sciences and Engineering, of Science Graduated, Dept. of Watershed &lrm;Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University author text article 2015 per Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) is the response of a watershed subjected to a storm with an excess rainfall of ‎‎1 unit depth occurring on the watershed instantaneously, used as the response function in rainfall- runoff modeling. ‎Omission of excess rainfall duration from unit hydrograph theory has made it better and easier to investigate on ‎rainfall- runoff relationship. This study focuses on derivation of IUH from direct runoff hydrograph using Diskin ‎method in Jafar Abad watershed (109 km2) located in Golestan province. Using hourly hydro-meteoerological data ‎the index unit hydrograph was derived from 27 storms by S curve method and then index IUH was calculated from ‎S curve. Then the Diskin method was used for derivation of IUH from 4 different direct runoff hydrographs. The ‎efficiency of Diskin method was evaluated by statistical comparison with the observed IUH. The results indicated ‎that the method derived IUHs with good accuracy, 85% according to the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion. Also mean relative ‎error of instantaneous peak discharge and relative error of instantaneous time to peak, are 2.24% and 6.25% ‎respectively while the model bias for water balance is -0.92%. Nonetheless more researches in other watersheds are ‎suggested for derivation of instantaneous and flashy floods for planning into reduction of flood damages.‎ Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran 2423-6098 2 v. 2 no. 2015 141 150 https://ije.ut.ac.ir/article_56144_0bad9c6010add0b043f35682156d6851.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/ije.2015.56144 Omid Rahmati PhD student in watershed management engineering and science, Lorestan University, Khoram-Abad author Naser Tahmasebipour Department of watershed management engineering, Lorestan University, Khoram-abad author Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz author text article 2015 per Planning of watersheds is indispensable in terms of sustainable development and landscape management. Therefore, watershed prioritization and morphometric characterization are important to identify hydrological behavior of the basin for conducting management strategies. In this study, geospatial-statistical approach was used for identifying critical and priority sub-watersheds in the Golestan watershed. In first step, eight morphometric parameters (bifurcation ratio, drainage density, constant of channel maintenance, stream frequency, form factor, drainage texture rate, relief ratio, ruggedness number) which effect on hydrological, soil erosion and sediment transport were selected. The map of morphometric parameters using digital elevation model (DEM) were produced in ArcGIS10.2 software. In order to determine prioritization of sub-atersheds a new method based on morphometric and statistical analysis was applied. The Kendall’s tau and weighted sum analysis (WSA) methods were used for analyzing the relationship between morphometric parameters and determining their effect weights. Finally, sub-watershed prioritization index (SWPI) based on weighted linear composite (WLC) method was calculated for each sub-watersheds. For validation of the mentioned results, used of previous destructive floods location in the Golestan Watershed. The results showed that, meanwhile innovation method of prioritization, isn’t proper for all of the sub-watersheds in the study area, but the mentioned method was identified the sub-watersheds 3, 16, and 9 as the best regions for watershed management plans. Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran 2423-6098 2 v. 2 no. 2015 151 161 https://ije.ut.ac.ir/article_56241_47c9ad6b15e9915fc6d2e04cf823a88c.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/ije.2015.56241 Mohammad Rahmati Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour author Hamid Reza Moradi Faculty of Agricultural, Ilam University, Ilam author Haji Karimi Faculty of Agricultural, Ilam University, Ilam author Khalil Jalili PhD Student of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour author text article 2015 per Abstract One of the importance groundwater resources in Kermanshah province is karstic aquifer. This study aimed to investigate the role of development of karstic aquifer in karst springs hydrological properties have been conducted. The studies areas are two karst aquifers include the Bistoon-Parau and Patagh Mountain in Kermanshah province. In the Bistoon-Parau region we used of Bistoon, Berkeh and Gaznahleh Springs data and in the Patagh region of Ghareh bolagh Spring data used. In this study, we used monthly precipitation and springs discharge during the 20 years. To determinate the development or undevelopment of karstic aquifer, recession coefficient, Storage dynamics volume and catchment area were calculated for each springs. The results of calculation of dynamic storage volume showed that the Ghare Bolagh Springs in Patagh region has dynamic storage volume equal 29/3 Million cubic meters that more than Bistoon, Berkeh and Gaznahleh springs in Bistoon-Parau region with dynamic storage volume equal 0/55, 2/2 and 1/3 Million cubic meters respectively. So these results showed the Bistoon-Parau more development of than Patagh region. Based on the results responses of the hydrological model the Bistoon-Parav is developed karst aquifer more quickly and severe than is Patagh area. Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran 2423-6098 2 v. 2 no. 2015 163 173 https://ije.ut.ac.ir/article_56146_a3f5ed16b77e809a22a43b9009751e5a.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/ije.2015.56146 Massoud Goudarzi Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute SCWMRI, Tehran author Boroumand Salahi Associate Professor, Faculty of Human Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil author Asaad Hoseini PhD Student, Faculty of Human Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil author text article 2015 per Climate change is one of the most important problems in the present century. So assessing and prediction of future changes is important on water resources and so important for economics and socio-economic consequences. The purpose of this research is assessing the effects of climate change on surface runoff volumes under the scenarios: A1B, A2 and B1 using HadCM3 general circulation model and IHACRES rainfall-runoff model for three time periods (2011-2030, 2046-2065 and 2080-2099). LARS-WG downscaling model were used to bridge global data to sits, datasets. The results of the evaluation of observed and simulation data using statistical and of measurement error indices show that not difference between the simulated and the observed values on the critical error 0.5% .The results of climate model show that the average temperature of Basin will be increased between 0.55 to 3.15 ° C, and rainfall reduces amount 11.94 percent in the basin. Performance analysis of IHACRES rainfall-runoff model also showed good accuracy of the model to simulate the runoff changes in basin. The results the study of surface runoff changes showed that the long-term average of annual runoff is reduced in 2020s, 2050s and 2080s than the base period, respectively 5.4, 22.35 and 64.5 percent. Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran 2423-6098 2 v. 2 no. 2015 175 189 https://ije.ut.ac.ir/article_56152_1d7bf5d83d688e6c4c2193482b6a7958.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/ije.2015.56152 Asra Asry MSc Student of Water Resources Engineering, University of Tabriz author Ahmad Fakherifard Department of Water Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz author Ali Zainali Hydrogeologist, Shiraz University, Shiraz author Esmail Asadi Department of Water Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz author text article 2015 per AbstractThe understanding of water resources for the purpose of ground and surface water management as two inseparable systems is great importance. In this study by examining the time series of climatic variables (precipitation), hydrological (flow and consume) and the level of water table, the parameters associated with each other and with fluctuating water table can be realized. There was a Direct relation between precipitation and flow with the ground water level, on the other hand the consume and ground water level were inversely related with each other. Then, by examining the cross correlation diagram of rainfall vs. water table level, reaction delays were identified. The results indicate water table level were related to rainfall with one month lag, whereas for flow, related on time; but for consume indicated two month lag in the plain Ajabshir. Finally, regression analysis of variables with the level of the water table was obtained.Keywords: precipitation, flow, water table level, cross correlation. Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran 2423-6098 2 v. 2 no. 2015 191 200 https://ije.ut.ac.ir/article_56157_d9f0c1417cbadcf7751a5242f27dcffc.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/ije.2015.56157 Mahdieh Ebrahimi Assistant Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, University of Zabol author Fattane Ghasemi M. Sc student, Department of Range and Watershed Management, University of Zabol author Morteza Pozesh Shirazi Instructor,, Agriculture and Natural Resources Center, Boshehr Province author text article 2015 per The aim of present study was to investigate phytoremediation potential of Puccinellia distans (Jacq) Parl using EDTA and DTPA and method of decreasing Cd- chelating leacing risk. The soil samples spiked with CdCl2. The treatments comprised the following dosages 2.5DTPA, 5DTPA, 2.5EDTA, 5EDTA, 2.5EDTA+2.5DTPA, 2.5EDTA+5DTPA, 5EDTA+2.5DTPA, 5EDTA+5DTPA and control pots were not treated with EDTA and DTPA. Bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF) and tolerance index (TI) were calculated to determine the Cd phytoremediation efficiency. Results indicated that EDTA and DTPA application significantly increased Cd content in the plant tissues and, root concentration of Cd was greater than the concentration in the shoot. The maximum bioconcentration factors (BCF) was observed in 5DTPA and 5EDTA respectively, and the maximum translocation factor (TF) was obtained for 5EDTA+5DTPA treatment. The results indicated that EDTA and DTPA had potential to promote the uptake of Cd by P.distans. In the next step to reduce leaching of Cd-chelate, 5mgkg-1 EDTA and DTPA in three ways of single, triple and six successive dosage were added to the soil. The results indicated that under single application, Cd content reached at its minimum concentration in the soil and, in the plant organs, the Cd concentration was the maximum. Metal concentration in the plant organs did not vary significant when triple and six successive dosage were added (p<5%). Overall, optimum phytoextraction of P.distans and Cd leaching reduction into ground waters was achieved when 5mg kg−1 EDTA and DTPAwas added in single dosage. Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran 2423-6098 2 v. 2 no. 2015 201 210 https://ije.ut.ac.ir/article_56159_4b7b66369406930210eff44083c527b6.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/ije.2015.56159 Mehdi Vafakhah Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University author Mohamad Reza Javadi Islamic Azad University, Nour Branch author Javanshir Najafi Majd Islamic Azad University, Nour Branch author text article 2015 per Due to the importance of the role of land use changes on runoff changes, several studies have taken place to develop models with simulating land use changes. In this study, the L-THIA model was used for estimating the runoff made by land use changes in Chalousrud watershed. Results of runoff modeling using L-THIA model showed that runoff depth increased from 422.98mm to 809.168mm during 1984 to 2000 that state an increase in runoff depth of 368.18 mm during 16 years and during 2000 to 2006 from 809.168mm to 825.496mm that state an increase 16.32 mm during 6 years. The results show that surface runoff depth increased due to decreasing of forest land with 3527.13ha from 58907.31ha to 55380.08ha and increasing of urban land with 7757.58ha from 7757.58ha to 362.50ha and increasing of abandoned land with 23176.01ha from 720.29ha to 23996.3ha. As a result of this study the L-THIA model has acceptable ability in explaining the way of land use changes effect on volume and depth of runoff. This model could provide the possibility of identifying accident prone areas, flood zones and flood management by spatial distribution map of runoff. Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran 2423-6098 2 v. 2 no. 2015 211 220 https://ije.ut.ac.ir/article_56160_30a6e8f44f142b5b4d74a3afca706911.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/ije.2015.56160 Mohsen Zabihi PhD student in Range Sciences and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran author Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author Morteza Behzadfar Planning and Management Organization of North-Khorasan Province author text article 2015 per Nowadays, water supply for sustainable development is one of the most important concerns and challenges in most countries of the world. Due to determination of groundwater potential zones are one of the important tools in the conservation, management and utilization of water resources. Thus, the present study aimed to prioritize the effective factors on groundwater potential and its susceptibility zonation using Shannon’s entropy and Random Forest in Bojnourd Township. So, layers of slope angle, slope aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, slope length, altitude, topographic wetness index, distance from fault, fault density, distance from river, drainage density, lithology and land use are known as affecting factors on Groundwater potential and were digitized in ArcGIS software environment. Subsequently, using Shannon’s entropy and Random Forest models, weight of affective factors was calculated in R statistical package and finally groundwater potential maps were prepared for the study area. The accuracy of groundwater potential zoning has been evaluated using relative operating curve (ROC), and according to the results, the accuracy of the Shannon’s entropy model was (85.55%), which is more acceptable than the accuracy of the Random Forest model (76.95 percent). Also, layers of land use, lithology, distance from river and altitude layers had the most effect on Groundwater potential in the study area based on the Shannon’s entropy model. Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran 2423-6098 2 v. 2 no. 2015 221 232 https://ije.ut.ac.ir/article_56242_0efabcba8b5a778b5a30e933a230010e.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/ije.2015.56242 Ali Haghizadeh Department of Range and Watershed Management Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran author Mohammad Mohammadlou MSc Student in Watershed Management Engineering, Department of Range and Watershed Management Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran author Fazel Noori MSc Student in Watershed Management Engineering, Department of Range and Watershed Management Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran author text article 2015 per The discharge or runoff which ousts from a watershed is important. Because its deficiency leads to financial losses and its excesses cause damage in lives and property as flood. In this research using Artificial Neural Network Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP (and Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) and multiple regression method simulated rainfall- runoff process on daily basis in the Khorramabad watershed. For inputs, different combinations of precipitation inputs including current rainfall, pervious day rainfall and two previous days were used. Inputs membership function for ANFIS model in this research is: the trapezoid, triangular, Gaussian and Gaussian type 2. MLP model that used in this research, was evaluated with one hidden layer and the number of variables neurons. The results showed that Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) compared to multi-layer perceptron model (MLP) and multiple regression model, has better performance. Also by increasing in the number of inputs, involvement pervious day rainfall and two previous days, all three models performance will be better. Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran 2423-6098 2 v. 2 no. 2015 233 243 https://ije.ut.ac.ir/article_56243_f426d14b1f6600933ce6a191b919050b.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/ije.2015.56243 text article 2015 per Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran 2423-6098 2 v. 2 no. 2015 1 10 https://ije.ut.ac.ir/article_57183_73713a32ddf107c70913b0e1f9358522.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/ije.2015.57183