استفاده از شاخص‌های کلروفیل فلورسنس برای تشخیص تنش‌های محیطی (خشکی و شوری) در برگ گیاه بَنه (Pistacia mutica L.)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان

2 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

چکیده

دمای زیاد، تشعشعات خورشیدی زیاد، فشار بخار آب پایین و فقدان بارندگی در بیشتر ماه‏های سال از ویژگی‌های اکوسیستم‏های خشک است. در این شرایط، درختانی مانند پسته تحت تنش شوری و خشکی قرار می‏گیرند. به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش هم‌زمان خشکی و شوری بر عملکرد دستگاه فتوسنتز‌کننده، نهال‏های بنه تحت تأثیر تیمارهای شاهد، و سه سطح تنش اسمزی (حاصل از ترکیب نمک و پلی‌اتیلن گلیکول) شامل: کم، متوسط و زیاد قرار گرفتند. بدین‌منظور، پارامترهای فلورسنس پایه (F0)، فلورسنس حداکثر (Fm)، فلورسنس متغیر (Fv)، فلورسنس پایه در نور اشباع (0)، فلورسنس حداکثر در نور اشباع (m)، فلورسنس متغیر در نور اشباع (v)، فلورسنس ثابت (Fs)، بازده کوانتوم مبنا (F0 /Fm)، بیشترین کارایی فتوشیمیایی فتوسیستم2 (Fv/ Fm)، فعالیت مجموعۀ شکافت مولکول‏های آب (Fv/F0)، بازده کوانتوم مبنا در نور اشباع (v/Fʹm)، کارایی واقعی فتوشیمیایی فتوسیستم2 (ΦPSII)، میزان انتقال الکترون (ETR) و ظرفیت واقعی فتوشیمیایی فتوسیستم2 (qP) اندازه‏گیری و محاسبه شدند. تغییر شاخص‏های F0 و Fm فقط در تنش زیاد معنا‏دار بود که گویای آسیب‏دیدگی فرایند انتقال فوتون‏های جذب‌شده از آنتن‏ها به مراکز واکنش است.کاهش معنا‏دار Fv / Fm در تنش زیاد بیان‌کنندۀ‌ فتواکسیداسیون نوری فتوسیستم2 است. ‌زیادبودن بازده F0 / Fm در تنش زیاد، گویای کاهش فعالیت فتوسیستم1 است. کاهش ΦPSII و افزایش پراکنش غیر‌فتو‌شیمیایی فوتون‌های جذب‌شده (NPQ) در تنش زیاد نشان داد که پراکنش غیرشیمیایی بالا‌ست. کاهش معنا‏دار qP در تنش متوسط و تنش زیاد نشان داد که بازده استفاده از نور در گیاه کاهش یافته است. در این بررسی مشخص شد که جدای از شاخص‏های کلروفیل فلورسنس وابسته، متغیرهای غیر‌وابسته هم نقش برجسته‌ای در بررسی اثر تنش‏های محیطی مانند تنش اسمزی بر دستگاه فتوسنتز‌کنندۀ گیاه دارند.
 

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 11 مهر 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 آذر 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 آذر 1394
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 10 آذر 1394
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 مهر 1394