پهنه ‏بندی حساسیت سیل‏گیری با استفاده از روش ترکیبی نوین تئوری بیزین‌ـ‌ فرایند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی (مطالعۀ موردی: حوضۀ آبخیز نکا ـ استان مازندران)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار بخش مهندسی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

تهیۀ نقشۀ حساسیت‏پذیری سیلاب، نخستین ‏گام در برنامه‏های مدیریت سیلاب است. هدف از این پژوهش، شناسایی مناطق حساس به سیل‏‏گیری با استفاده از روش ترکیبی نوین تئوری بیزین فرایند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی (Bayes-AHP) در حوضۀ آبخیز نکاـ شهرستان ساری است. به‌منظور تهیۀ نقشۀ حساسیت‏پذیری سیل‏‏گیری در منطقۀ مطالعاتی، نقشۀ پراکنش سیلاب‏ها به‏منظور تحلیل‏های آماری تهیه شد. از تعداد کل ۳۴۲ موقعیت سیل، ۷۰ درصد (۲۴۰ موقعیت سیل) به‏منظور اجرای مدل و ۳۰ درصد (۱۰۲ موقعیت سیل) به‏منظور اعتبارسنجی استفاده شد. با استفاده از مطالعۀ گذشته و پیمایش‏های گستردۀ میدانی، ۱۱ عامل مؤثر شامل درصد شیب، طبقات ارتفاعی، فاصله از آبراهه، تراکم زهکشی، شاخص پوشش گیاهی تفاضلی نرمال‏شده (NDVI)، سنگ‏شناسی، کاربری اراضی، شاخص رطوبت توپوگرافی (TWI)، شاخص توان آبراهه (SPI)، بارندگی سالانه و انحنای سطح به‏منظور پهنه‏بندی سیل‏‏گیری بررسی شد. با استفاده از روش AHP، وزن هر یک از عوامل و بر اساس تئوری بیزین وزن هر یک از طبقات عوامل مؤثر بر وقوع سیلاب‏های منطقۀ مطالعه‌شده محاسبه شد. درنهایت، نقشۀ پهنه‏بندی حساسیت‏پذیری سیل‏گیری در پنج طبقه و در محیط نرم‏افزار ArcGIS10.1 تهیه شد. به‏منظور ارزیابی مدل منحنی تشخیص عملکرد نسبی (ROC) استفاده شد. نتایج ارزیابی نشان داد مدل ترکیبی دقت مناسبی (۷۶۱/۰) در شناسایی پهنه‏های حساس به سیلاب دارد. بر اساس نتایج به‏دست‌آمده، عوامل درصد شیب، ارتفاع و کاربری اراضی به‏ترتیب با وزن‏های۲۶۰/۰، ۱۹۵/۰ و ۱۴۶/۰ بیشترین تأثیر را در وقوع سیلاب‏های منطقۀ مطالعاتی داشته‏اند. همچنین طبق نتایج، ۲۴/۱۷ و ۳۷/۱۵ درصد از حوضۀ آبخیز نکا در رده‏های حساسیت زیاد و بسیارزیاد قرار گرفته است. مدل ترکیبی ارائه‌شده می‏تواند برای تحقیقات بیشتر در زمینۀ تهیۀ نقشۀ خطر سیل‏گیری و مدیریت بحران استفاده شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


 
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دوره 4، شماره 2
تیر 1396
صفحه 447-462
  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 آذر 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 تیر 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1396