تحلیل مقایسه‌ای عامل فرسایش‌پذیری خاک در حوضۀ آبخیز شازند

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

فرسایش خاک نوعی مشکل جدی محیطی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی است که نه تنها سبب تخریب شدید زمین و هدررفت خاک می‌شود، بلکه تهدید ثبات و سلامت جامعه و به‏طور کلی توسعۀ پایدار آن را در پی دارد. فرسایش‏ خاک با متغیرهای مختلف خاک، اندازه‏گیری‏ها و محاسبات آنها مرتبط است. یکی از عوامل مهم در تعیین فرسایش خاک، فرسایش‏پذیری خاک (K) است. روش‏های مختلفی برای تعیین عامل فرسایش‏پذیری ‏خاک با استفاده از مدل‏های تجربی یا اندازه‏گیری‏های صحرایی ارائه شده است. در حال حاضر، روابط مبتنی بر ویژگی‏های اولیۀ خاک مانند بافت، مادۀ آلی، ساختمان و نفوذپذیری به‏صورت گسترده‏ای استفاده شده‏اند. بنابراین، در پژوهش حاضر از سه رابطۀ متداول شامل ویشمایر و اسمیت (1978)، رومکنز و همکارانش (1986) و توری و همکارانش (1997 و 2002) به‌ترتیب با علایم K1، K2 و K3 برای برآورد عامل فرسایش‏پذیری خاک در حوضۀ آبخیز شازند استفاده شد. به همین منظور، به نمونه‏برداری صحرایی در 140 نقطه از حوضۀ آبخیز شازند با مساحت 1740 کیلومترمربع اقدام شد. حوضۀ آبخیز شازند خاک آهکی با مادۀ آلی کم و بافت متوسط دارد. در ادامه، آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک‏طرفه برای تحلیل نتایج K1، K2 و K3 تحت تأثیر طبقات مختلف شیب و ارتفاع و کاربری‏های مختلف اراضی و روش کریجینگ برای تهیۀ الگوی مکانی آنها به‏کار گرفته شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تحلیل واریانس یک‏طرفه بیان‌کنندۀ اختلاف‏ معنا‏دار K1، K2 و K3 تحت تأثیر طبقات شیب و ارتفاع (05/0 > P) و نبود اختلاف معنا‏دار آنها تحت تأثیر کاربری اراضی (318/0 ≤ P) بود. همچنین، میانگین عامل فرسایش‏پذیری خاک برای سه رابطۀ یادشده به‏ترتیب برابر با 054/0، 039/0 و 035/0 t ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1 محاسبه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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دوره 6، شماره 1
فروردین 1398
صفحه 153-163
  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 شهریور 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 13 آبان 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 آبان 1397
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 فروردین 1398
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1398