مدل ‏سازی تأثیر خصوصیات بیوفیزیکی و توپوگرافی سطح بر توزیع مکانی رطوبت خاک در تابستان (مطالعۀ موردی: حوضۀ آبخیز بالخلی ‏چای)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان؛ کارشناس، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

2 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان

3 استاد، گروه سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکدۀ جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

4 استاد، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

چکیده

استفاده از داده‏های ماهواره‏ای برای برآورد سریع رطوبت خاک و تعیین عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر آن، در سال‏های اخیر توسعه یافته است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر خصوصیات بیوفیزیکی و توپوگرافی سطح بر توزیع مکانی رطوبت خاک در تابستان بود. به این منظور، رطوبت خاک در 148 نقطه در حوضۀ آبخیز بالخلی‏چای در استان اردبیل اندازه‏گیری شد و از روش مثلثی مبتنی بر سنجش از دور بر مبنای مدل رقومی ارتفاع ASTER، نقشۀ پوشش زمین و داده‏های اقلیمی برای مدل‏سازی رطوبت خاک استفاده شد. خصوصیات بیوفیزیکی سطح از جمله نمناکی، سبزینگی، روشنایی، و دمای سطح زمین و متغیرهای توپوگرافی (زاویۀ محلی فرود خورشید، ارتفاع، درجه و جهت شیب) محاسبه شدند. خطای مدل در ماه‏های مختلف با استفاده از آماره‏های خطا تعیین شد. بر اساس نتایج، مقدار میانگین رطوبت خاک در منطقه در ماه‌های تیر، مرداد و شهریور به‏ترتیب 67/4، 22/6 و 66/4 درصد حجمی بود. ضریب تبیین (R2) و ریشۀ میانگین مربعات خطا (RMSE) بین رطوبت خاک برآوردی و اندازه‏گیری‌شده در شهریورماه کمترین مقدار (به‏ترتیب 78/0 و 44/1) را داشت. قوی‏ترین رابطۀ خطی بین رطوبت خاک و متغیرهای بیوفیزیکی (توپوگرافی) در تیرماه (به‏ترتیب با R2و RMSE برابر با 53/0 و 29/0) بود. با افزایش دمای سطح و روشنایی، رطوبت خاک کاهش یافت. با این‌حال، افزایش مقدار سبزینگی، نمناکی، ارتفاع و زاویۀ محلی فرود خورشید سبب افزایش مقدار رطوبت خاک شد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد از مدل مثلثی می‏توان برای بررسی توزیع مکانی رطوبت خاک با استفاده از خصوصیات بیوفیزیکی و توپوگرافی سطح بهره گرفت. استفاده از نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‏تواند در بهبود دقت مدل‏سازی رطوبت برای استفاده در کاربردهای مختلف از جمله مدیریت آبیاری، پیش‏بینی رواناب و کشاورزی دقیق بسیار مفید باشد.

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دوره 7، شماره 3
مهر 1399
صفحه 563-581
  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 اردیبهشت 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 مهر 1399
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 مهر 1399