مروری بر کاربرد انرژی های تجدیدپذیر در سیستم های نمک زدایی از آب دریا

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی انرژی‏های نو و محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی انرژی‌های نو و محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

چکیده

افزایش جمعیت، توسعۀ شهرنشینی و صنعتی شدن سبب افزایش درخور توجه تقاضای آب شیرین در جهان شده است. شیرین‌سازی منابع آب در دسترس و فراوان موجود، گزینه‏ای مطلوب و توجیه‏پذیر برای پاسخ به نیاز آب آشامیدنی و مصرفی صنعت است. نمک‏زدایی آب دریا فرایندی انرژی‏بر است و با توجه به اینکه 99 درصد تأسیسات نمک‏زدایی نصب‌شده از سوخت‏های فسیلی به‏عنوان منبع انرژی بهره می‏گیرند، عواملی همچون قیمت متغیر و پایان‏پذیری این نوع منابع انرژی، تأثیرات مخرب زیست‏محیطی ناشی از انتشار آلاینده‏ها و گازهای گلخانه‏ای در کنار سایر فاکتورهای راهبردی، سیاسی و اجتماعی سبب توجه گسترده به توسعۀ کاربرد انرژی‏های تجدیدپذیر به عنوان نیروی محرکۀ تأسیسات نمک‏زدایی شده است. ‏پژوهش حاضر به مروری جامع بر پیشرفت‏های صورت‌گرفته در ترکیب منابع انرژی‏های تجدیدپذیر با فناوری‏های مرسوم و نوین در حوزۀ نمک‏زدایی آب دریا پرداخته و تمرکز آن بر تشریح فناوری‏ها و مطالعات انجام‌شده در کاربرد انرژی خورشیدی، انرژی هسته‏ای، انرژی بادی، انرژی زمین‏گرمایی، انرژی‏های اقیانوسی، انرژی زیست‌توده و انرژی‏های تجدیدپذیر ترکیبی در نمک‏زدایی است. استفادۀ ترکیبی از دو یا چند منبع انرژی تجدیدپذیر به همراه سیستم‏های ذخیره‏ساز، راه حلی مطمئن و نویدبخش به منظور تأمین پایدار انرژی مورد نیاز نمک‏زدایی معرفی شده است. در کشور ما نیز محققان و متخصصان این ‏حوزه در حال تلاش و پژوهش هستند.

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دوره 8، شماره 1
فروردین 1400
صفحه 249-282
  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 مهر 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 24 اسفند 1399
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1400