مقایسۀ نتایج برآورد هدررفت سالانۀ مدل RUSLE با داده‏ های به‌دست‌آمده از میخ‏ ها و کرت‏ های فرسایش در حوضۀ آبخیز معرف خامسان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور

3 استادیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر به‏منظور مقایسۀ هدررفت خاک سالانۀ برآوردی مدل RUSLE با اندازه‏گیری‏های فرسایش به‌دست‌آمده از میخ‏ها و کرت‏های فرسایش در حوضۀ آبخیز معرف خامسان در استان کردستان انجام شد. بدین‌منظور هدررفت خاک سالانه به‌صورت توزیعی با استفاده از مدل RUSLE برآورد شد. سپس، به‌مدت یک ‏سال (تیر 1394 تا خرداد 1395) نمونه‏برداری از رسوب معلق در ایستگاه هیدرومتری خروجی حوضۀ آبخیز انجام شد. همچنین فرسایش در میخ‏ها و کرت‏های مستقر در جهت‏های شمالی، غربی و شرقی در زیرحوضۀ شاهد در بازۀ زمانی مشابه اندازه‏گیری شد. نسبت تحویل رسوب از تقسیم بار کل رسوب حوضۀ آبخیز به فرسایش به‌دست‌آمده از سه روش RUSLE، میخ و کرت محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد در روش کرت، فرسایش تعمیم‌یافته به کل حوضه سالانه 06/0 تن در هکتار‌، بسیار کمتر از واقعیت و SDR بسیار زیاد و غیر‌منطقی (655 درصد) بود. همچنین در روش میخ، فرسایش تعمیم‌یافته به کل حوضه سالانه 79/76 تن در هکتار‌، بسیار بیشتر از واقعیت و نسبت تحویل رسوب بسیار کم (51/0 درصد) بود. حال ‏آنکه در مدل RUSLE، نسبت تحویل رسوب قابل قبول‏تر 21/2 درصد به‌دست آمد و بنابراین فرسایش برآوردی مدل سالانه 53/18 تن در هکتار و به واقعیت نزدیک‏تر بود. بنابراین، تعمیم نتایج میخ‏ها و کرت‏ها فقط با لحاظ نسبت مساحت نمی‏تواند برآورد مناسبی برای فرسایش در سطح حوضه باشد. بررسی توپوگرافی حوضۀ آبخیز نشان داد مناطق کم‌شیب میانی و انتهایی حوضۀ آبخیز احتمالاً عامل اصلی تله‏اندازی رسوب و کاهش نسبت انتقال رسوب به خروجی حوضۀ آبخیز است.
 
 
 
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


 
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دوره 3، شماره 4
دی 1395
صفحه 669-680
  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 آذر 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 07 دی 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 دی 1395
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 10 دی 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1395