Remediation of cadmium contaminated water by Populus nigraSawdust as a low-cost biosorbent: Process optimization by using response surface methodology

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

In this study, the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions have been carried out using Populusnigra saw dust as low-cost, readily available biosorbent. Various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage level and contact time were studied at room temperature to optimize the conditions for maximum adsorption. The central composite design was carried out with aqueous solution of cadmium with various concentrations ranging from 5-25 mgl-1. The range of variation for the other variables including pH, sawdust dosage and contact time are 2-10, 5-50 gl-1, and 5-105 minutes, respectively. A good agreement between predictive model for cadmium removal by sawdust and experimental results was observed (R2= 0.9283 and RMSE=2.93%). The maximum removal of 96.25% was achieved at cadmium concentration 38.75 mgl-1, pH of 6.5, saw dust dosage of 10 gl-1 and contact time of 80 min as the optimal conditions. The highly efficient and the rapid uptake of Cd(II) by low cost saw dust indicated that it could be an excellent alternative for the removal of cadmium by sorption process from contaminated aqueous solutions.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1.  

    منابع

    1. Calace N, Di Muro A, Nardi E, Petronio BM, Pietroletti M. Adsorption isotherms for describing heavy-metal retention in paper mill sludges. Industrial & engineering chemistry research. 2002;41(22):5491-7.
    2. Larous S, Meniai AH, Lehocine MB. Experimental study of the removal of copper from aqueous solutions by adsorption using sawdust. Desalination. 2005;185(1):483-90.
    3. Rao KS, Mohapatra M, Anand S, Venkateswarlu P. Review on cadmium removal from aqueous solutions. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology. 2010;2(7): 81-103.
    4. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Drinking water- Physical and chemical specifications. ISIRI, 1053. 2008; 5th Revision.
    5. Ayyappan R, Sophia AC, Swaminathan K, Sandhya S. Removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution using carbon derived from agricultural wastes. Process Biochemistry. 2005;40(3):1293-9.
    6. Li Q, Zhai J, Zhang W, Wang M, Zhou J. Kinetic studies of adsorption of Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cu (II) from aqueous solution by sawdust and modified peanut husk. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2007;141(1):163-7.
    7. Hasan SH, Srivastava P. Batch and continuous biosorption of Cu 2+ by immobilized biomass of Arthrobacter sp. Journal of environmental management. 2009;90(11):3313-21.
    8. Davarnejad R, Panahi P. Cu (II) and Ni (II) removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption on Henna and optimization of effective parameters by using the response surface methodology. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2016; 33:270-5.
    9. Arous O, Gherrou A, Kerdjoudj H. Removal of Ag (l), Cu (II) and Zn (ll) ions with a supported liquid membrane containing cryptands as carriers. Desalination. 2004;161(3):295-303.

    10. Shukla A, Zhang YH, Dubey P, Margrave JL, Shukla SS. The role of sawdust in the removal of unwanted materials from water. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2002;95(1):137-52.

    11. Semerjian L. Equilibrium and kinetics of cadmium adsorption from aqueous solutions using untreated Pinus halepensis sawdust. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010;173(1):236-42.

    12. Zheng W, Li XM, Wang F, Yang Q, Deng P, Zeng GM. Adsorption removal of cadmium and copper from aqueous solution by areca- a food waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2008;157(2):490-5.

    13. Oyedeji OA, Osinfade GB. Removal of copper (II), iron (II) and lead (II) ions from mono-component simulated water effluent by adsorption on coconut husk. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2010; 4 (6):382-387.

    14. Šćiban M, Radetić B, Kevrešan Ž, Klašnja M. Adsorption of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater by wood sawdust. Bioresource Technology. 2007;98(2):402-9.

    15. Crist RH, Martin JR, Crist DR. Interaction of metal ions with acid sites of biosorbents peat moss and Vaucheria and model substances alginic and humic acids. Environmental science & technology. 1999;33(13):2252-6.

    16. Seki K, Saito N, Aoyama M. Removal of heavy metal ions from solutions by coniferous barks. Wood Science and Technology. 1997;31(6):441-7.

    17. Reddad Z, Gerente C, Andres Y, Le Cloirec P. Adsorption of several metal ions onto a low-cost biosorbent: kinetic and equilibrium studies. Environmental science & technology. 2002;36(9):2067-73.

    18. Titi OA, Bello OS. An overview of low cost adsorbents for copper (II) ions removal. Journal of Biotechnology & Biomaterials. 2015; 177(5): 1-13.

    19. Akunwa NK, Muhammad MN, Akunna JC. Treatment of metal-contaminated wastewater: A comparison of low-cost biosorbents. Journal of environmental management. 2014;146:517-23.

    20. Salazar-Rabago JJ, Leyva-Ramos R. Novel biosorbent with high adsorption capacity prepared by chemical modification of white pine (Pinus durangensis) sawdust. Adsorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions. Journal of environmental management. 2016;169:303-12.

    21. Taty-Costodes VC, Fauduet H, Porte C, Delacroix A. Removal of Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions, from aqueous solutions, by adsorption onto sawdust of Pinus sylvestris. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2003; 105(1):121-42.

    22. Memon SQ, Memon N, Solangi AR. Sawdust: A green and economical sorbent for thallium removal. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2008;140(1):235-40.

    23. Naiya TK, Chowdhury P, Bhattacharya AK, Das SK. Saw dust and neem bark as low-cost natural biosorbent for adsorptive removal of Zn (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2009;148(1):68-79. 20.

    24. Yu B, Zhang Y, Shukla A, Shukla SS, Dorris KL. The removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by sawdust adsorption-removal of lead and comparison of its adsorption with copper. Journal of hazardous materials. 2001; 84(1):83-94.

    25. Kumar NM, Ramasamy R, Manonmani HK. Production and optimization of L-asparaginase from Cladosporium sp. using agricultural residues in solid state fermentation. Industrial Crops and Products 2013;43:150-8.

    26. Alkhatib MF, Mamun AA, Akbar I. Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of color removal from POME by granular activated carbon. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2015;12(4):1295-302.

    27. Aghaeinejad-Meybodi A, Ebadi A, Shafiei S, Khataee A, Rostampour M. Degradation of antidepressant drug fluoxetine in aqueous media by ozone/H2O2 system: process optimization using central composite design. Environmental technology. 2015;36(12):1477-88.

    28. Yu B, Zhang Y, Shukla A, Shukla SS, Dorris KL. The removal of heavy metal from aqueous solutions by sawdust adsorption -removal of copper. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2000; 80(1):33-42.

    29. Levenspiel O. Chemical engineering reaction. Wiley-Eastern Limited, New York. 1972.

    30. Hashem A, Adam E, Hussein HA, Sanousy MA, Ayoub A. Bioadsorption of Cd (II) from contaminated water on treated sawdust: adsorption mechanism and optimization.Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013; 5: 82-90.