Assessment of  Water Quality of Telvar River Using Hydrochemical Diagrams

Mousavian, Sahar; Vafakhah, Mehdi; Moosavi, Vahid

doi:10.22059/ije.2026.408169.1899

Assessment of Water Quality of Telvar River Using Hydrochemical Diagrams

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

¹ M.Sc. Student in Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran

² Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran

10.22059/ije.2026.408169.1899

Abstract

This study investigates the chemical quality of surface waters at three stations in a semi-arid watershed using major ion analysis alongside Piper, Durov, Gibbs, Stiff, and USSL diagrams. The results indicate a clear dominance of sodium and potassium cations, as well as chloride and sulfate anions, while calcium and bicarbonate are present only in specific locations. These findings highlight the significant influence of ion exchange and carbonate dissolution processes on water composition. Durov and Gibbs diagrams further demonstrate that evaporation, increasing salinity, ion exchange, and dissolution of evaporite and carbonate minerals are the main factors controlling the evolution of water chemistry, leading to a shift from Ca–HCO₃ to Na–Cl/Na–SO₄ water types. Based on the USSL diagram and agricultural indices, most water samples fall into medium to high salinity classes (C3–C4) and high sodium hazard classes (S2–S3), limiting their direct use for irrigation without proper soil management.Overall, water quality in this semi-arid watershed is primarily controlled by evaporation, mixing with saline sources, and ion exchange, underscoring the importance of careful management to prevent soil salinization and sodicity.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Surface water resources

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