Journal of Ecohydrology

Journal of Ecohydrology

Assessment of Water Quality of Telvar River Using Hydrochemical Diagrams

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Sahar Mousavian 1
Mehdi Vafakhah 2
Vahid Moosavi 3
1 M.Sc. Student in Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
10.22059/ije.2026.408169.1899
Abstract
This study investigates the chemical quality of surface waters at three stations in a semi-arid watershed using major ion analysis alongside Piper, Durov, Gibbs, Stiff, and USSL diagrams. The results indicate a clear dominance of sodium and potassium cations, as well as chloride and sulfate anions, while calcium and bicarbonate are present only in specific locations. These findings highlight the significant influence of ion exchange and carbonate dissolution processes on water composition. Durov and Gibbs diagrams further demonstrate that evaporation, increasing salinity, ion exchange, and dissolution of evaporite and carbonate minerals are the main factors controlling the evolution of water chemistry, leading to a shift from Ca–HCO₃ to Na–Cl/Na–SO₄ water types. Based on the USSL diagram and agricultural indices, most water samples fall into medium to high salinity classes (C3–C4) and high sodium hazard classes (S2–S3), limiting their direct use for irrigation without proper soil management.Overall, water quality in this semi-arid watershed is primarily controlled by evaporation, mixing with saline sources, and ion exchange, underscoring the importance of careful management to prevent soil salinization and sodicity.
Keywords
Water quality
Hydrochemical diagrams
Salinity
Irrigation suitability
Telvar River
Subjects
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Journal of Ecohydrology
Volume 13, Issue 1
Winter 2026
Pages 1145-1162

  • Receive Date 29 December 2025
  • Revise Date 08 February 2026
  • Accept Date 14 March 2026
  • First Publish Date 21 March 2026
  • Publish Date 21 March 2026