The investigation of Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Because of Surface Flow Using BSTEM Model (Case Study: Beshar River)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Ph.D Student, Watershed Management Engineering, Hormozgan University

2 Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran

3 Department of Rangeland & Watershed Management, Hormozgan University

4 Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz

Abstract

The Vital need for river management is understood and predict of bank erosion processes. Almost models will not be able to evaluate bank erosion,accurately. BSTEM model is the most usable model in many of river engineering projects in the world. Necessary data for this model are related to driving and resisting forces controlled by hydraulic and Geotechnical processes. These data include geometry, hydraulic and Geotechnical data that using of sampling, field measurements and laboratory test obtained. The results of this study showed that the regions with cover vegetation in comparison to theregion of cover vegetation without significant differences in sustainability observed. Safety factor in the regions without cover vegetation is less than 1 that river in this section is instable Among the region of without cover vegetation only section 3 (event 4) have shown a safety factor less than 1. Compare the sections of viewpoint safety factors have shown that sections 5, 6, 8, 7, 3, 1, 4, 2 were unstable, respectively. Compare the sections showed that the events of 4, 2, 1 and 3 have the most impact on sections usability, respectively.Results of the sensitivity analysis model to input parameters indicated that safety factor has the most sensitive to height, water level and cohesion between particles with a variation coefficient 55%, 17% and 10%, respectively.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1.  

    1. Abam. T.K.S. 1993. Factors affecting distribution of instability of river banks in the Niger delta. Engineering geology. 35: 123-133.
    2. Amiri-Tokaldani, E., Samadi, A., Rahimi, H. 2006. Effect of the location and depth of tension crack of river bank stability. Journal og agriculture engineering research. Vol. 6. No.25. 77-94.
    3. Belmont, P., Gran, K.B., Schottler, S.P., Wilcock, P.R., Day, S.S., Jennings, C., Lauer, J.W., Viparelli, E., Willenbring, J.K., Engstrom, D.R., Parker, G., 2011. Large shift in source of fine sediment in the Upper Mississippi River. Environmental Science and Technology45, 8804–8810.
    4. Bull, L.J., 1997. Magnitude and variation in the contribution of bank erosion to the suspended sediment load of the River Severn, UK. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22, 1109–1123.
    5. Cancienne, R., Fox, G.A., Simon, A., 2008. Influence of seepage undercutting on the root reinforcement of river banks. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 33, 1769–1786.
    6. Casagli, N., Rinaldi, M., Gargini, A., Curini, A., 1999. Monitoring of pore water pressure and stability of streambanks: results from an experimental site on the Sieve River, Italy. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 24, 1095–1114
    7. Crosato, A., 2007. Physical explanations of variations in river meander migration rates from model comparison. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34, 2078–2086.
    8. Crosta, G., di Prisco, C., 1999. On slope instability induced by seepage erosion. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 36, 1056–1073.
    9. Darby, S.E., Gessler, D., Thorne, C.R., 2000. Computer program for stability analysis of steep, cohesive riverbanks. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 25, 175–190.
    10. Fredlund, D.G., Rahardjo, H., 1993. Soil Mechanics of Unsaturated Soils. John Wiley andSons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
    11. Garcia, M., 2008. Sediment transport and morphodynamics. In: Garcia, M. (Ed) Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modeling and Practice. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 110. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, pp. 21–164.
    12. Grimshaw, D.L., Lewin, J., 1980. Source identification of suspended solids. Journal of Hydrology 42, 151–162.
    13. Henshaw, A.J., Thorne, C.R., Clifford, N.J. 2012. Identifying causes and controls ofriver bankerosion in a British upland catchment. Catena 100, 107-119.
    14. Karmakera, T., Duttab, Subashisa. 2013, Modeling seepage erosion and bank retreat in a composite river bank. Journal of Hydrology 476: 178-187.
    15. Kessler Andrew C., Gupta Satish C., Brown Melinda K.. (2013). Assessment of river bank erosion in Southern Minnesota rivers post European settlement. Geomorphology (201):12–322.
    16.  Konsoer,Kory M.,  Rhoads,Bruce Lane,  Langendoen,Eddy J.,  Best,James L., Ursic,M. E., Abad,Jorge D. 2015. Spatial variability in bank resistance to erosion on a large meandering, mixed bedrock-alluvial river. Geomorphology. 252. 80-97.
    17. Lai, Y. G. and Greimann, B.P. (2010). “Predicting contraction scour with twodimensionaldepth averaged model.” Journal of Hydraulic Research, 48(3),383-387.
    18. Lai, Y.G., Greimann, B.P. (2008). Rock erosion modeling on selected alluvilarivers in Taiwan,” Technical Report SRH-2008-08, Technical Service Center,Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO.
    19. Lai, Yong G.,Greimann, Blair P. 2011. SRH Model Applications and Progress Report on Bank Erosion and Turbidity Current Models. Technical Report No. SRH-2010-22. PP. 170.
    20. Lindow, N., Fox, G.A., Evans, R.O., 2009. Seepage erosion in layered stream bank material. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 24, 1693–1701.
    21. Merritt, W.S., Letcher, R.A., Jakeman, A.J. 2003: A review of erosion and sediment transport models. Environmental Modelling and Software 18: 761–799.
    22. Midgley Taber L., Fox Garey A., Heeren Derek M. 2012. Evaluation of the bank stability and toe erosion model (BSTEM) for predicting lateral retreat on composite streambanks. Geomorphology 145–146 (2012) 107–114.
    23. Morgenstern, N.R., and Price, V.R., 1965. The analysis of the stability of generalslip surfaces. Geotechnique, 15, 79-93.
    24. Parker Chris, Simon Andrew, Thorne Colin R.. 2008. The effects of variability in bank material properties on riverbank stability: Goodwin Creek, Mississippi. Geomorphology 101 (2008) 533–543.
    25. Pollen, N., Simon, A., 2005. Estimating the mechanical effects of riparian vegetation on stream bank stability using a fiber bundle model. Water Resources Research 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003801 (W07025).
    26. Prosser, I.P., Rutherfurd, I.D., Olley, J.M., Young, W.J., Wallbrink, P.J., Moran, C.J., 2001. Large-scale patterns of erosion and sediment transport in river networks, with examples from Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 52, 81–99.
    27. Rinaldi, M., Casagli, N., 1999. Stability of river banks formed in partially saturated soils and effects of negative pore water pressures: the Sieve River (Italy). Geomorphology 26, 253–277.
    28. Rinaldi, M., Mengoni, B., Luppi, L., Darby, S.E., Mosselman, E., 2008. Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and bank erosion in a river bend. Water Resources Research 44, W09428. doi:10.1029/2008WR007008.
    29. Samadi, A., Amiri Tkldany, I., Davoudi, M.H, Rahimi, H. Determine of the effect of parameters uncertainty on the results of validation of stability analysis overhanging arches on the banks of a multilayer streambank. Journal of water research. Vol. 4. No 7. 69-80.
    30. Simon, A., Collison, A.J.C., 2002. Quantifying the mechanical and hydrologic effects of riparian vegetation on streambank stability. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 27, 527–546.
    31. Simon, A., Curini, A., Darby, S.E. and Langendoen, E.J., 2000, Bank and near-bank processes in an incised channel, Geomorphology, 35, 193-217.
    32. Simon, A., Pollen-Bankhead, N., Mahacek, V., Langendoen, E., 2009. Quantifying reductionsof mass-failure frequency and sediment loadings from streambanks using toeprotection and other means: Lake Tahoe, United States. Journal of the AmericanWater Resources Association 45, 170–186.
    33. Ta, W.Q., Xiao, H.L., Dong, Z.B., 2008. Long-term morphodynamic changes of a desert reach of the Yellow River following upstream large reservoirs' operation. Geomorphology 97, 249–259.
    34. Thoma, D.P., Gupta, S.C., Bauer, M.E., Kirchoff, C.E., 2005. Airborne laser scanning for riverbank erosion assessment. Remote Sensing of Environment 95, 493–501.
    35. Wu, J.M., Wang, R.S., Yao, J.H., 2006. Remote sensing monitoring and study on the change of the Yellow River course in Yinchuan plain sector. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources 4, 36–40 (in Chinese).
Iranian journal of Ecohydrology
Volume 3, Issue 1
March 2016
Pages 55-68

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 22 June 2016
  • Revise Date: 08 October 2016
  • Accept Date: 30 August 2016
  • First Publish Date: 30 August 2016
  • Publish Date: 20 March 2016

Share

How to cite

Statistics