Feasibility study of harnessing hydro power for electricity generation in water transmission pipelines of Kermanshah city

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Energy, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, Iran

2 Director of the Office of Utilities of the Water and Wastewater Company of Kermanshah Province, Kermanshah, Iran.

3 Department of Energy, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, ِDepartment of Energy, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

The present study analyzes the main water pipelines of Kermanshah city in the western of Iran for the sake of power and electricity generation. Generally, pressure relief valves or break pressure tanks are used in water pipelines to regulate the water pressure. However, micro scales of hydro turbines could instead be used to generate green electricity without any side and harmful effects. For that purpose, the five main water pipelines in Kermanshah city were investigated numerically. With the help of hydraulic properties of the pipelines and also their topographic characteristics, the conservation laws were employed to find the pressure drop together with the energy potential along the pipelines. Of the transmission lines investigated in this study, the results revealed that the Gavoshan water transmission line is the best one based on the power generation potential. Moreover, the analyses show that 2.4 MW of electricity could be harnessed from that line.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Bhandari B, Lee KT, Lee GY, Cho YM, Ahn SH. Optimization of hybrid renewable energy power systems: A review. International journal of precision engineering and manufacturing-green technology. 2015 Jan 1; 2(1):99-112.
[2] European Commission. Climate Action – The EU climate and energy package. European Commission; 2007.
[3] IHA/IEA/CHA. Hydropower and the World's Energy Future. International Hydropower Association, International Energy Agency, Canadian Hydro- power Association; 2000.
[4] Bilgen S, Keleş S, Kaygusuz A, Sarı A, Kaygusuz K. Global warming and renewable energy sources for sustainable development: a case study in Turkey. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews. 2008 Feb 1; 12(2):372-96.
[5] Edenhofer O, Pichs-Madruga R, Sokona Y, Seyboth K, Matschoss P, Kadner S, et al. IPCC special report on renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation. Prepared By Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2011 May.
[6] Edenhofer O, Pichs-Madruga R, Sokona Y, Seyboth K, Kadner S, Zwickel T, et al. Renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation: Special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press; 2011.
[7] International Hydropower Association ICoLD. Implementing Agreement on Hydropower Technologies and Programmes/International Energy Agency, Canadian Hydropower Association. Hydropower and the world’s energy future; 2000.
[8] Saxena P. Overview of small hydro power development in India. Himalayan small Hydro Power Summit, Dehradun; 2006.
[9] Loots I, Van Dijk M, Barta B, Van Vuuren SJ, Bhagwan JN. A review of low head hydropower technologies and applications in a South African context. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2015 Oct 1; 50:1254-68.
[10] Bozorgi A, Javidpour E, Riasi A, Nourbakhsh A. Numerical and experimental study of using axial pump as turbine in pico hydropower plants. Renewable Energy. 2013 May 1; 53:258-64.
[11] Penche C. Guide on how to develop a small hydropower plant. European Small Hydropower Association; 2004.
[12] Williams AA. Pumps as turbines for low cost micro hydro power. Renewable Energy. 1996 Sep 1; 9(1-4):1227-34.
[13] Haidar AM, Senan MF, Noman A, Radman T. Utilization of pico hydro generation in domestic and commercial loads. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2012 Jan 1; 16(1):518-24.
[14] Sari MA, Badruzzaman M, Cherchi C, Swindle M, Ajami N, Jacangelo JG. Recent innovations and trends in in-conduit hydropower technologies and their applications in water distribution systems. Journal of environmental management. 2018 Dec 15; 228:416-28.
[15] Oladosu TL, Koya OA. Numerical analysis of lift-based in-pipe turbine for predicting hydropower harnessing potential in selected water distribution networks for waterlines optimization. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal. 2018 Jun 5.
[16] Jiyun D, Zhicheng S, Hongxing Y. Numerical study on the impact of runner inlet arc angle on the performance of inline cross-flow turbine used in urban water mains. Energy. 2018 Jun 8.
[17] Alexander KV, Giddens EP, Fuller AM. Radial-and mixed-flow turbines for low head microhydro systems. Renewable Energy. 2009 Jul 1; 34(7):1885-94.
[18] Jain SV, Patel RN. Investigations on pump running in turbine mode: A review of the state-of-the-art. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014 Feb 1; 30:841-68.
[19] Williams A. Pumps as turbines: a user's guide. ITDG Pub.; 2003.
[20] Williams AA. Pumps as turbines for low cost micro hydro power. Renewable Energy. 1996 Sep 1; 9(1-4):1227-34.
[21] Kusakana K. A survey of innovative technologies increasing the viability of micro-hydropower as a cost effective rural electrification option in South Africa. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014 Sep 1; 37:370-9.
[22] Agarwal T. Review of pump as turbine (PAT) for micro-hydropower. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. 2012 Nov; 2(11):163-9.
[23] Motwani KH, Jain SV, Patel RN. Cost analysis of pump as turbine for pico hydropower plants–a case study. Procedia Engineering. 2013 Jan 1; 51:721-6.
[24] Singh RI, Gupta R, Singh A, Subbarao PM. Guided pump-as-turbine: design and development for pico-level energy generation. International Journal of Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering. 2013; 3:71-6.
[25] Ranjitkar G, Huang J, Tung T. Application of micro-hydropower technology for remote regions. InEIC Climate Change Technology, 2006 IEEE 2006 May 10 (pp. 1-10). IEEE.
[26] Nourbakhsh A, Jahangiri G. Inexpensive small hydropower stations for small areas of developing countries, in: Conference on Advanced in Planning-Design and Management of Irrigation Systems as Related to Sustainable Land use, Louvain, Belgium, 1992; pp. 313– 19.
[27] Mohammadnejad M, Ghazvini M, Mahlia TM, Andriyana A. A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Iran. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2011 Dec 1; 15(9):4652-8.
[28] Fox, Robert W., and Alan T. McDonald. "Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons." Inc., New York (1994).
[29] White FM. Fluid mechanics, WCB. Ed McGraw-Hill Boston. 1999.
[30] https://www.pipeflow.com/, [accessed Sep 01, 2018].
[31] Library of the University of Texas, https://www.lib.utexas.edu/, [accessed Oct 08, 2018].