Effect of natural flood spreading of March 2019 on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of groundwater in floodplain at the end of Gorganroud basin

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Msc in watershed management,, , University of Gondad Kavous

2 Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Assistant Professor

3 Academic staff

4 Msc in hydrogeology

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of flood in March 2019 on quantitative and qualitative changes of groundwater, the floodplain at the end of Gorganroud river basin, which was naturally exposed to floods, was selected. To investigate changes in groundwater quantity and quality, 17 and 11 observation wells with suitable distribution in the study area were selected, respectively. Then, quantitative (groundwater level) and qualitative data (11 physicochemical parameters) of wells were collected in two periods before and after the floods. First, groundwater level changes in two periods were evaluated by paired T-test and average groundwater level of the plain. Then, physicochemical characteristics changes in two periods were evaluated using paired T-test. Finally, hydrogeochemical changes were assessed using Gibbs, Durov and Piper diagrams, and the water quality for agricultural and drinking purposes were investigated using Wilcox and Schoeller diagrams. Paired T-test results showed that the groundwater level in 88.2% of the observation wells after the flood had a significant increase. This has increased the groundwater level as well as the unit hydrograph of the plain (about 2 meters) after the flood. The results of changes in groundwater quality parameters showed that the amount of EC, anions and cations (except NO3) were decreased in most of the observed wells after the flood. This has reduced the hardness of groundwater but has not had a significant effect on the type and hydrogeochemical facies of floodplain groundwater. The reason can be the hydrochemical similarity of infiltrated water and groundwater of the plain aquifer.

Keywords


[1]. Jongman B, Hochrainer-Stigler S, Feyen L, Aerts, JC, Mechler R, Botzen WW, et al. Increasing stress on disaster-risk finance due to large floods. Nat. Clim. Change, 2014; 4(4): 264–268.
 
[2]. Jandaghi N, Seidian M, Mohammadi Ostadkelaye A, Fathabadi A, Mohammad Esmaeili M, Ghareh Mahmoodlu M. Documentary of the March 2019 flood in Gonbad city. Research Report. Gonbad Kavous University. 2019; 127 p. [Persian].
[3]. Zhang B, Song X, Zhang Y, Han D, Tang C, Yu Y, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment of surface water and groundwater in Songnen plain, Northeast China. Water research, 2012; 46(8), 2737-2748.
[4]. Karimi H, Hayatnia F. Effect of Mosian flood spreading on the region aquifer based on piezometer information. The 13th National Conference on Watershed Management Science & Engineering of Iran and the 3rd National Conference on Conservation of Natural Resources and Environment. University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. 2018; 1-5. [Persian].
[5]. Kosar A. Introduction to Flood Control and Optimal Productivity: Flood Irrigation, Artificial Feeding, Short Soil Dam. Forests and Rangelands Research Institute; 1995. [Persian].
[6]. Mousavi SJ, Rezaei A. The effects of water spreading on groundwater resources in Soharin Plain (Zanjan). The 2nd National Conference on Applied Research of Water Resources. 2011. [Persian].
[7]. Ghazavi R, Vali AB, Eslamian S. Impact of Flood Spreading on Groundwater Level Variation and Groundwater Quality in an Arid Environment. Water Resources Management. 2012; 26(6): 1651–1663. [Persian].
[8]. Viskarami K, Payamani A, Shahkarami A, Sepahvand AR. The effects of water spreading on groundwater resources in Kohdasht Plain. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Water and Soil Science. 2013; 17(65): 153-160. [Persian]
[9]. Choopani S. Evaluation of the effect of Lavar Fin Dam on the quantity of groundwater in Hormozgan province. Research Report. Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute. 2015; 50 p. [Parsian].
[10]. Moslemi H, Choopani S, Abkar A. Impact of Floodwater Spreading on Salinity Groundwater (Case Study: Dhenedar Floodwater Spreading-Hormozgan Province). Iranian Journal OF Watershed Management Sciences and Engineering. 2018; 12(41): 13-22. [Persian].
[11]. Moslemi H, Choopani S, Abkar A. Assessment the effects of Dehender flood spreading on groundwater resources in Hashtbandi plain, Hormozgan Province. Watershed Engineering and Management. 2017; 8(4): 388-388. [Persian].
[12]. Dahmardeh Ghaleno M, Nohtani M, Askari Dehno S. Studying impact of flood water spreading on changes of vegetation and topsoil in koh‌ khajeh flood spreading station, Sistan. Watershed Engineering and Management. 2019; 11(1): 211-219. [Parsian].
[13]. Ebrahimi N, Karimi H, Rostami N, Azami A. Impact of flood spreading on groundwater (case study: Mehran plain of Ilam province). 1th International and 4th National Conference on Conservation of Natural Resources & Environment. University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. 2019. [Parsian].
[14]. Jahantigh M, Jahantigh M. Effect of incoming floods from Afghanistan on quantitative and qualitative changes of groundwater resources in Sistan plain. Ecohydrology. 2020; 7(2): 463-479. [Parsian].
[15]. Muir HS. Seawater intrusion ground-water pumpage, ground-water yield and artificial recharge of the Pajaro valley area. Santa Cruz and Monterey countries, California. Water-Resources Investigation Report; 1974.
[16]. Weesakul U, Watanabe K, Sukasem N. Application of Soft Computing Techniques for Analysis of Groundwater Table Fluctuation in Bangkok Area and Its Vicinity. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences &Technologies. 2010; 53-65.
[17]. Sayana VBM, Arunbabu E, Arunbabu L, Mahesh Kumar S, Ravichandran J, Karunakaran K. Groundwater responses to artificial recharge of rainwater in Chennai, India: a case study in an educational institution campus. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2010; 3 (2):124-130.
[18]. Yue JZ, Haitao L, Wenpeng L, Xinguang D, Wolfgang K. Water resources management using artificial groundwater recharge to replace shallow surface water reservoirs: an example from Xinjiang China. Water Research, 2011; 55: 31-45.
[19]. Abraham M, Mohan S. Efectiveness of artiicial recharge structures in enhancing groundwater storage (A case study: Cuddalore watershed). Indian Journal of Science and Technology.2015; 8(20):1-10.
[20]. Milad HZM, Jalal MB, Faisal KZ. Assessment of artificial groundwater recharge potential through estimation of permeability values from infiltration and aquifer tests in unconsolidated alluvial formations in coastal areas. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2019; 191(1):31.
[21]. Charles JF, Ngumbu JT, Toe Sr JT, Sangodoyin AY. Evaluation of the impact of flood on groundwater quality in hand-dug wells in Monrovia, Liberia. International Journal of Energy and Water Resources. 2020; 4:181-188.
[22]. Sarfaraz A, Annesh B, Sujith R, Mekonnen G, Sanjay KM. Managed aquifer recharge implementation criteria to achieve water sustainability. Science of the Total Environment. 2021; 768:1-10. 144992.
[23]. Heshmatpour A, Jandaghi N, Pasand S, Ghareh Mahmoodlu M. Drought effects on surface water quality in Golestan province for Irrigation Purposes, Case study: Gorganroud River. Physical Geography Quarterly. 2020; 12(48): 75-88. [Persian].
[24]. Shirazi E. Statistical software training Minitab 16. Noruzi Publications; 2016. [Persian].
[25]. Choybin B, Malekian A. Relationship between fluctuations in the water table and aquifer
salinization (Case study: Aquifer Aspas- Fars Province). Desert Management. 2013; 1: 13-26. [Parsian].
[26]. Wilcox LV. Classification and Use of Irrigation Waters. US Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C; 1995.
[27]. Mahdavi M. Applied hydrology. Vol. 2. 8th Edition.Tehran University Publication; 2013. [Persian].
[28]. Ghareh Mahmoodlu M, Heshmatpour A, Jandaghi N, Zare A, Mehrabi H. Assessment of groundwater quality in Seydan-Faroogh plain for irrigation and drinking purposes. Environmental Sciences. 2019; 17(3): 89-106. [Persian].
[29]. Piper, A M. Agraphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis, Eos Transactions. American Geophysical Union Journal, 1944; 25: 914-923.
[30]. Singhal BBS, Gupta RP. Applied Hydrogeology of Fracture Rocks, Netherland. Kluwer Academic Publ.; 1999.
Volume 8, Issue 2
July 2021
Pages 535-550
  • Receive Date: 10 February 2021
  • Revise Date: 16 June 2021
  • Accept Date: 16 June 2021
  • First Publish Date: 22 June 2021
  • Publish Date: 22 June 2021