Investigating and Evaluating the Quality of the Physicochemical Parameters of the Treated Sewage of Kish Island in the Green Space Irrigation

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Research Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Tehran

2 Professor, Department of Environmental Education, Planning and Management, Faculty of Environment, University, Tehran

3 Disaster Engineering, Education and Environmental Systems, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In this study, the quality of the treated wastewater of Kish Island, which is the main source of irrigation for the urban area of Kish, was evaluated. First, samples were taken from 12 water storage points and transferred to the water and wastewater laboratory of Tehran University. The samples were transferred to the Laboratory of Tehran University and the physicochemical parameters include pH, EC, BOD5, COD, TSS, TDS, SAR, phosphate and nitrate, Mg, Ca and Na were measured. The results showed that in green space irrigation tanks, the water is pH and EC are between 0.2 and 1.9, which is lower than the standard; 7 reservoirs including Marjan Park, Hangman, Cactus Pool, Convention Center Pool, Iran Pool, Bagh Rah and Golestan Park Pool have BOD higher than the standard, which is considered a biological hazard for the environment. TSS is higher than the standard in 7 reservoirs, which include Marjan Park, Hangman Park, Cactus Pool, Iran Pool, Bagh Rah and Golestan. According to international standards, the amount of phosphate in water reservoirs is high and requires its management, especially in sewage treatment plants. The highest SAR was in the convention center, North Water Treatment Plant and Golestan Park, but its level in Pavion, Marjan Park, Simorgh and Cactus was less than 4, indicating its desirability for irrigation. But the reservoirs of the convention center and the northern treatment plant require more management, because the long-term use of this wastewater can lead to salting of the soil of Kish Island.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Full Text

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nanomaterials for the detoxification of dyes in real wastewater under visible-light

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recycled water irrigation. Soil Research, 2000, 38(3), 653-664.

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in subtropical and arid Australia. Ecological engineering, 2005, .509-501 ,)5(25

[21] Sala, L., & Mujeriego, R. Cultural eutrophication control through water reuse. Water science

and technology, 2001, 43(10), 109-116.

[22] Fasciolo, G. E., Meca, M. I., Gabriel, E., & Morabito, J. Effects on crops of irrigation with treated

municipal wastewaters. Water science and technology, 2002, 45(1), 133-138.

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reuse in irrigation. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 33(10-11), 355-362.

[24] Sala, L., & Mujeriego, R. Cultural eutrophication control through water reuse. Water science

and technology, 2001, 43(10), 109-116.

[25] Rahman MM, Hagare D, Maheshwari B. Bayesian Belief Network analysis of soil salinity in a

periurban agricultural field irrigated with recycled water. Agric Water Manag, 2016.

[26] Silva, T. L., Morales-Torres, S., Castro-Silva, S., Figueiredo, J. L., & Silva, A. M. An overview

on exploration and environmental impact of unconventional gas sources and treatment options

for produced water. Journal of environmental management, 2017, 200, 511-529.

[27] Goswami, R. K., Agrawal, K., & Verma, P. Phycoremediation of nitrogen and phosphate from

wastewater using Picochlorum sp.: A tenable approach. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 2022,

62(3-4), 279-295.

[28] Liu, X., Zhu, Y., Bennett, J. M., Wu, L., & Li, H. Effects of sodium adsorption ratio and

electrolyte concentration on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. Geoderma, 2022, 414,

115772.

[29] Shivanna, A. M., & Nagendrappa, G. Chemical analysis of soil samples to evaluate the

soil fertility status of selected command areas of three tanks in Tiptur Taluk of Karnataka,

India. crops, 2014, 6(7).

[30] Oueslati, A., Montevecchi, G., Antonelli, A., & Mansour, H. B. Short-time irrigation on

young olive tree (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali) with untreated industrial poultry wastewater:

investigation of growth parameters and leaves chemical composition. Environmental Science

and Pollution Research, 2021, 28(36), 50420-50429

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    critical review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 402, 123943.

    [2] Shoushtarian, F., & Negahban-Azar, M. Worldwide regulations and guidelines for agricultural

    water reuse: a critical review. Water, 2020, 12(4), 971.

    [3] Jiménez, B. Irrigation in developing countries using wastewater. International Review for

    Environmental Strategies, 2006, 6(2), 229-250.

    [4] Qadir, M., Wichelns, D., Raschid-Sally, L., McCornick, P. G., Drechsel, P., Bahri, A., & Minhas,

    1. S. The challenges of wastewater irrigation in developing countries. Agricultural water

    management, 2010, 97(4), 561-568.

    [5] Tahir, M. B., Tufail, S., Ahmad, A., Rafique, M., Iqbal, T., Abrar, M.,... & Ijaz, M. Semiconductor

    nanomaterials for the detoxification of dyes in real wastewater under visible-light

    photocatalysis. International Journal of environmental analytical chemistry, 2021, 101(12),

    1735-1749.

    [6] Karimidastenaei, Z., Avellán, T., Sadegh, M., Kløve, B., & Haghighi, A. T. Unconventional water

    resources: Global opportunities and challenges. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 827,

    154429.

    [7] Aiello, R., Cirelli, G. L., & Consoli, S. Effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation on soil and

    tomato fruits: a case study in Sicily (Italy). Agricultural water management, 2023, .72-65 ,)2-1(93

    [8] Rebhun, M. Desalination of reclaimed wastewater to prevent salinization of soils and

    groundwater. Desalination, 2004, 160(2), 143-149.

    [9] Anderson, J. The environmental benefits of water recycling and reuse. Water Science and

    Technology: Water Supply, 2003, 3(4), 1-10.

    [10] Angelakis, A. N., & Gikas, P. Water reuse: Overview of current practices and trends in the world

    with emphasis on EU states. Water Utility Journal, 2014, 8(67), e78.

    [11] Exall, K. A review of water reuse and recycling, with reference to Canadian practice and

    potential: 2. Applications. Water Quality Research Journal, 2004, 39(1), 13-28.

    [12] Sato, T., Qadir, M., Yamamoto, S., Endo, T., & Zahoor, A. Global, regional, and country

    level need for data on wastewater generation, treatment, and use. Agricultural Water

    Management, 2013, 130, 1-13.

    [13] Feigin, I. Ravina and J. Shalhevet, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 224, DM 228.00, ISBN 3-540-

    50804-X. Experimental Agriculture, 1991, 28(2), 241-241.

    [14] Oliveira, G. A., Colares, G. S., Lutterbeck, C. A., Dell’Osbel, N., Machado, Ê. L., & Rodrigues,

    1. R. Floating treatment wetlands in domestic wastewater treatment as a decentralized sanitation

    alternative. Science of The Total Environment, 2021, 773, 145609.

    [15] Tanji, K., Grattan, S., Grieve, C., Harivandi, A., Rollins, L., Shaw, D., & Wu, L. Salt

    management guide for landscape irrigation with recycled water in coastal Southern California. A

    Comprehensive Literature Review. University of California–Davis, USA, 2015.

    [16] CWRS (Centre for Water Resources Studies) Reuse of renovated municipal wastewater for

    golf course irrigation. Prepared for PEI Department of Technology and Environment. CWRS

    Internal Report No. 1999, 99–11. Dalhousie University, Halifax.

    [17] Bixio, D., Thoeye, C., De Koning, J., Joksimovic, D., Savic, D., Wintgens, T., & Melin, T.

    Wastewater reuse in Europe. Desalination, 2006, 187(1-3), 89-101.

    [18] Sakadevan, K., Maheshwari, B. L., & Bavor, H. J. Availability of nitrogen and phosphorus under

    recycled water irrigation. Soil Research, 2000, 38(3), 653-664.

    [19] Toze, S. Reuse of effluent water—benefits and risks. Agricultural water management,

    2000, .159-147 ,)3-1(80

    [20] Greenway, M. The role of constructed wetlands in secondary effluent treatment and water reuse

    in subtropical and arid Australia. Ecological engineering, 2005, .509-501 ,)5(25

    [21] Sala, L., & Mujeriego, R. Cultural eutrophication control through water reuse. Water science

    and technology, 2001, 43(10), 109-116.

    [22] Fasciolo, G. E., Meca, M. I., Gabriel, E., & Morabito, J. Effects on crops of irrigation with treated

    municipal wastewaters. Water science and technology, 2002, 45(1), 133-138.

    [23] Vazquez-Montiel, O., Horan, N. J., & Mara, D. D. Management of domestic wastewater for

    reuse in irrigation. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 33(10-11), 355-362.

    [24] Sala, L., & Mujeriego, R. Cultural eutrophication control through water reuse. Water science

    and technology, 2001, 43(10), 109-116.

    [25] Rahman MM, Hagare D, Maheshwari B. Bayesian Belief Network analysis of soil salinity in a

    periurban agricultural field irrigated with recycled water. Agric Water Manag, 2016.

    [26] Silva, T. L., Morales-Torres, S., Castro-Silva, S., Figueiredo, J. L., & Silva, A. M. An overview

    on exploration and environmental impact of unconventional gas sources and treatment options

    for produced water. Journal of environmental management, 2017, 200, 511-529.

    [27] Goswami, R. K., Agrawal, K., & Verma, P. Phycoremediation of nitrogen and phosphate from

    wastewater using Picochlorum sp.: A tenable approach. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 2022,

    62(3-4), 279-295.

    [28] Liu, X., Zhu, Y., Bennett, J. M., Wu, L., & Li, H. Effects of sodium adsorption ratio and

    electrolyte concentration on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. Geoderma, 2022, 414,

    115772.

    [29] Shivanna, A. M., & Nagendrappa, G. Chemical analysis of soil samples to evaluate the

    soil fertility status of selected command areas of three tanks in Tiptur Taluk of Karnataka,

    India. crops, 2014, 6(7).

    [30] Oueslati, A., Montevecchi, G., Antonelli, A., & Mansour, H. B. Short-time irrigation on

    young olive tree (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali) with untreated industrial poultry wastewater:

    investigation of growth parameters and leaves chemical composition. Environmental Science

    and Pollution Research, 2021, 28(36), 50420-50429

Iranian journal of Ecohydrology
Volume 11, Issue 1
March 2024
Pages 85-104

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History

  • Receive Date: 25 November 2023
  • Revise Date: 01 February 2024
  • Accept Date: 10 March 2024
  • First Publish Date: 20 March 2024
  • Publish Date: 20 March 2024

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