اولویت‌بندی زیرحوضه‌ها با استفاده از آنالیز مورفومتری و GIS به‌منظور اقدامات آبخیزداری (مطالعۀ موردی: حوضۀ آبخیز مراوه‌تپه، استان گلستان)

اسدی نلیوان, امید; سقازاده, نرگس; سلحشور دستگردی, مریم; بای, محبوبه

doi:10.22059/ije.2015.55131

اولویت‌بندی زیرحوضه‌ها با استفاده از آنالیز مورفومتری و GIS به‌منظور اقدامات آبخیزداری (مطالعۀ موردی: حوضۀ آبخیز مراوه‌تپه، استان گلستان)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران، دانشجوی دکتری آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

² کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری دانشگاه اردکان، یزد

³ کارشناسی ارشد بیابان‌زدایی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان

⁴ دانشجوی دکتری آبخیزداری، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد

10.22059/ije.2015.55131

چکیده

اولویت‌بندی زیرحوضه‌ها از مهم‌ترین راهکارهای مدیریت جامع حوضۀ آبخیز و پایداری توسعه است. حفاظت از منابع طبیعی موجود از طریق علامتگذاری زون‌های پتانسیل تخریب در سطوح کوچک برای توسعۀ پایدار، نیازی بنیادین محسوب می‌شود. طرح زون‌های پتانسیل تخریب برای اجرای اقدامات حفاظتی آبخیز، بدون برنامهریزی، اقتصادی نیست؛ در نتیجه این پیش‌نیازی برای پذیرش اولویت‌بندی زیرحوضه‌هاست. آنالیز مورفومتری به‌عنوان روشی کمهزینه و سریع در سال‌های اخیر توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. هدف این تحقیق، اولویت‌بندی زیرحوضه‌های حوضۀ آبخیز مراوه‌تپه در استان گلستان با آنالیز مورفومتری و استفاده از GIS است. در آنالیز مورفومتری پارامترهای ضریب فشردگی، ضریب گردی، ضریب شکل، ضریب کشیدگی، فراوانی آبراهه، تراکم زهکشی، نسبت انشعاب، بافت زهکشی، شکل حوضه، طول جریان و طول جریان روی زمینی از طریق ARCGIS و Arc Hydro محاسبه شدهاند که این پارامترها به دو دستۀ پارامترهای خطی (رابطۀ مستقیم با فرسایش) و پارامترهای شکلی (رابطۀ عکس با فرسایش) تقسیم شدند. در نهایت اولویت هر یک از زیرحوضه‌ها با توجه به میانگین کل پارامترهای مورفومتری تعیین شد که از این نظر زیرحوضۀ C₃ دچار وضعیت بحرانی، و زیرحوضۀ C_int1 دارای وضعیت مناسب نسبت به دیگر زیرحوضه‌ها بود. مطالعات میدانی نتایج کار را به‌خوبی نشان می‌دهد، چراکه زیرحوضۀ C₃ دارای بیشترین حد فرسایش و خاک ضعیف (گروه هیدرولوژیکی C) است. ازاین‌رو می‌توان از این نوع تحقیقات که هم کم‌هزینه و هم سریع‌اند بهره گرفت و آبخیزها را به‌منظور اقدامات آبخیزداری اولویت‌بندی کرد

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sub-basin prioritization suing morphometric analysis and GIS for Watershed Management Measures (Case study: Maraveh Tappeh watershed, Golestan)

نویسندگان [English]

Omid Asadi Nalivan ¹
Narges Saghazadeh ²
Maryam Salahshur Dastgerdi ³
Mahbube Bay ⁴

¹ Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Ph.D Student Watershed Management, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Gorgan, Golestan

² Graduate Msc Student Watershed Management, University of Yazd, Ardekan, Iran

³ Graduate Msc Student of Combting Desertification, University of Isfahan Industrial, Isfahan, Iran

⁴ Ph.D Student Watershed Management, University of Lorestan, Khoramabad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Sub basin prioritization is one of the integrated watershed management and sustainable development strategies. To protect natural resources, through marking zones of potential damage in small areas for is a primary need sustainable development. Degradation potential zones project for watershed protection measures is not cost-effective economically. So this is a prerequisite for sub basin prioritization. Morphometric analysis has received great deal of attention thanks to low cost and productivity. So the present research aims to prioritize subbasins of Marave tappeh basin in Golestan province using morphometric and GIS. in morphometric analysis parameters, compression ratio, roundness factor, form factor, elongation factor, frequency, channels, drainage density, branching ratio, drainage texture, shape, area, length and duration of current flow are calculated through the ground and Arc Hydro ARCGIS. These parameter are divided into linear (directly related to erosion) and shape parameters (inversely related to erosion). Finally, each sub-basin was prioritized given total morphpmetric parameters and sub-basin C3 was found to be critical and Cint1 was much more suitable than others. Field studies illustrate that as subbasin C3 has highest erosion rate and poor soil condition ( Hydrological group C). So such researches are low-cost and fast by which watersheds are prioritized to management measures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Morphometry
Prioritization
comprehensive management
Maraveh tappeh watershed
Potential zone

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