مروری بر اصول زیست‌پالایی نیترات از آب با روش نیترات‌زدایی فاز جامد

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکدۀ علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زیست‌فناوری صنعت و محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

از سال‏ها پیش آلودگی نیترات در آب و خاک از نگرانی‏های اساسی در مسائل زیست‌محیطی دنیا بوده است. ترکیبات حاوی نیتروژن رهاشده در محیط زیست می‏تواند سبب بروز مشکلات جدی مانند یوتریفیکاسیون رودخانه‏ها و موجب بیماری خطرناکی به نام متهموگلوبینمیا و سایر اختلالات در سلامتی انسان شود. یکی از اهداف مهم تصفیۀ فاضلاب، حذف نیتروژن است که از طریق فرایندهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی انجام می‏شود که روش‏های بیولوژیکی حذف نیتروژن مؤثرتر و اقتصادی‏تر‌ند. دنیتریفیکاسیون از فرایندهای اصلی حذف نیترات در آب‏هاست که فرایندی بدون نیاز به اکسیژن محسوب می‏شود و در آن باکتری‏ها از نیترات به عنوان گیرنده برای به‏دست‌آوردن انرژی به منظور رشد استفاده می‏کنند. دنیتریفیکاسیون فاز جامد یک فناوری نوظهور است که در سال‏های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است که در آن از پلیمرهای زیست‌تخریب‌پذیر به عنوان منبع کربنی و حامل بیوفیلم برای میکروارگانیسم‏های نیترات‌زدا استفاده می‏شود. این روش راهکاری امیدوارکننده و ارزان برای حذف نیترات از آب و فاضلاب است و در آینده می‏توان توجه بیشتری معطوف به حذف هم‌زمان نیترات و سایر آلاینده‏ها از آب‏ به وسیلۀ دنیتریفیکاسیون فاز جامد شده و از این طریق سلامت محیط و انسان تضمین شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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دوره 5، شماره 3
مهر 1397
صفحه 875-889
  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 دی 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 07 اردیبهشت 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 اردیبهشت 1397
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 مهر 1397
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 مهر 1397