تحلیل مقایسه‌ای عامل فرسایش‌پذیری خاک در حوضۀ آبخیز شازند

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

فرسایش خاک نوعی مشکل جدی محیطی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی است که نه تنها سبب تخریب شدید زمین و هدررفت خاک می‌شود، بلکه تهدید ثبات و سلامت جامعه و به‏طور کلی توسعۀ پایدار آن را در پی دارد. فرسایش‏ خاک با متغیرهای مختلف خاک، اندازه‏گیری‏ها و محاسبات آنها مرتبط است. یکی از عوامل مهم در تعیین فرسایش خاک، فرسایش‏پذیری خاک (K) است. روش‏های مختلفی برای تعیین عامل فرسایش‏پذیری ‏خاک با استفاده از مدل‏های تجربی یا اندازه‏گیری‏های صحرایی ارائه شده است. در حال حاضر، روابط مبتنی بر ویژگی‏های اولیۀ خاک مانند بافت، مادۀ آلی، ساختمان و نفوذپذیری به‏صورت گسترده‏ای استفاده شده‏اند. بنابراین، در پژوهش حاضر از سه رابطۀ متداول شامل ویشمایر و اسمیت (1978)، رومکنز و همکارانش (1986) و توری و همکارانش (1997 و 2002) به‌ترتیب با علایم K1، K2 و K3 برای برآورد عامل فرسایش‏پذیری خاک در حوضۀ آبخیز شازند استفاده شد. به همین منظور، به نمونه‏برداری صحرایی در 140 نقطه از حوضۀ آبخیز شازند با مساحت 1740 کیلومترمربع اقدام شد. حوضۀ آبخیز شازند خاک آهکی با مادۀ آلی کم و بافت متوسط دارد. در ادامه، آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک‏طرفه برای تحلیل نتایج K1، K2 و K3 تحت تأثیر طبقات مختلف شیب و ارتفاع و کاربری‏های مختلف اراضی و روش کریجینگ برای تهیۀ الگوی مکانی آنها به‏کار گرفته شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تحلیل واریانس یک‏طرفه بیان‌کنندۀ اختلاف‏ معنا‏دار K1، K2 و K3 تحت تأثیر طبقات شیب و ارتفاع (05/0 > P) و نبود اختلاف معنا‏دار آنها تحت تأثیر کاربری اراضی (318/0 ≤ P) بود. همچنین، میانگین عامل فرسایش‏پذیری خاک برای سه رابطۀ یادشده به‏ترتیب برابر با 054/0، 039/0 و 035/0 t ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1 محاسبه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Analysis of soil Erodibility Factor in Shazand Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahboobeh Kiani Harchegani 1
  • Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 2
  • Samereh Falahatkar 3
1 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil erosion is a serious environmental, social and economic problem. It not only causes severe land degradation and soil loss, but also threatens the stability and health of the society and, in general, its sustainable development. Soil erosion is related to different soil characteristics, measurements and its calculations. The soil erodibility factor (K) is one of the important factors in determining soil erosion. Different methods have been developed to determine of K using empirical models or field measurements. Currently, widely used equations that estimate K, on the basis of soil basic properties, include soil texture, organic matter, structure, and permeability. Therefore, in this study, three commonly equations were used to estimate of K in Shazand watershed such as Wischmeier and Smith (1978), Romkens et al. (1986), Torri et al. (1997 and 2002) with K1, K2 and K3, respectively. In this regard, field sampling was done at 140 points of Shazand watershed with an area of 1740 km2. The Shazand watershed has limestone with low organic matter and medium texture. In the following, one-way ANOVA was used to analyze of K1, K2 and K3 results under the impact of different slope and elevation classes and different land uses, as well as Kriging's method for generation their spatial pattern. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that K1, K2 and K3 influenced by different slope and elevation classes with a significant difference (P< 0.05). But they had no significant difference (P ≤ 0.318) in different land use. Also, the average of K1, K2 and K3 was calculated to be 0.054, 0.039 and 0.035 t ha h ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1 respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Erodibility
  • Land degradation
  • Limestone soil
  • Watershed scale

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اکوهیدرولوژی
دوره 6، شماره 1
فروردین 1398
صفحه 153-163

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 شهریور 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 13 آبان 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 آبان 1397

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