OECD. OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050. OECD Publishing. Paris. France. 2012;p.353.
[2]. WBCSD. Co-optimizing Solutions:Water and Energy for Food, Feed and Fibre.World Business Council for Sustainable Development Geneva.Switzerland. 2014;p.237.
[3]. Rees W, Wackernagel M. Urban ecological footprints: why cities cannot be sustainable – and why they are the key to sustainability. Environ. Impact Assess. 1996;Rev.16:p.223–248.
[4]. IPCC. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC. 2014;p. 80.
[5]. Roberts E, Finnegan L. Building Peace around Water, Land and Food: Policy and Practice for Preventing Conflict. Quaker United Nations Office. Geneva. Switzerland. 2013;p.17.
[6]. EEA. The European Environment - State and Outlook 2015: Synthesis Report. European Environment Agency. Copenhagen. Denmark. 2015;p.212.
[7]. UN Water. Climate Change Adaptation: The Pivotal Role of Water. Policy Brief. Bonn. Germany. 2010;p.18.
[8]. Klein RJT, Huq S, Denton F, Downing TE, Richels RG, Robinson JB, et al. Inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden JP, Hanson CE. (Eds.). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. UK. 2007;pp.745–777.
[9]. Saringer-Bory B, Mollay U, Neugebauer W, Pol O. SmartCitiesNet: Evaluierung Von Forschungsthemen Und Ausarbeitung Von Handlungsempfehlungen für “Smart Cities” (Evaluation of Research Topics and Development of Recommendations for “Smart Cities”). Austrian Ministry for Transport. Innovation and Technology. Vienna. Austria. 2012;p. 136 [In German].
[10]. Hoff H. Understanding the Nexus. Background Paper for the Bonn2011 Conference: TheWater, Energy and Food Security Nexus. Stockholm Environment Institute. Stockholm. 2011; p. 52.
[11]. ADB. Thinking AboutWater Differently Managing the Water–Food–Energy Nexus. Asian Development Bank (ADB). Mandaluyong City Philippines. 2013;p. 47.
[12]. Rasul G, Sharma B. The nexus approach to water–energy–food security: an option for adaptation to climate change. Climate Policy. 2015;p,1–21.
[13]. Kuttler W. Urbanes Klima ,Urban climate. Umweltmeteorologie. 2010;Vol. 70 (9). 378–382 [In German].
[14]. Gill SE, Handley JF, Ennos AR, Pauleit S. Adapting cities for climate change: the role of the green infrastructure. Built Environ. 2007;22 (1), 113–133.
[15]. Howarth C, Monasterolo I. Understanding barriers to decision making in the UK energy-food-water nexus: The added value of interdisciplinary approaches, Environmental Science & Policy 61.2016; 53-60.
[16]. Martinez-Hernandez E, Leachb M, Yangc A. Understanding water-energy-food and ecosystem interactions using the nexus simulation tool NexSym. Applied Energy 206.2017;1009–1021.
[17]. Lehman S. Implementing the Urban Nexus approach for improved resource-efficiency of developing cities in Southeast-Asia, 2017.
[18]. Ximing C, Kevin W, Majid SJ, Landon M. Understanding and managing the food-energy-water nexus – opportunities for water resources research. Advances in Water Resources 111.2018; 259–273.
[19]. Hussien WA, Memon FA, Savic DA. A risk-based assessment of the household water-energy-food nexus under the impact of seasonal variability, Journal of Cleaner Production 171.2018; 1275-1289.
[20]. Statistics Center of Iran, Population and Housing Census, 2011. [In Persian].
[21]. Lienhard JH, Thiel GP, Warsinger DM, Banchik LD. "Low Carbon Desalination: Status and Research. Development and Demonstration Needs". Report of a Workshop Conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Association with the Global Clean Water Desalination Alliance. MIT Abdul Latif Jameel World Water and Food Security Lab. Cambridge. Massachusetts. 2016.
[22]. UNDP. Human Development Report. 2014. http://www.undp.org.
[23]. AGECC (UN Secretary General’s Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change). Summary Report and Recommendations. 2010;p.13.
[24]. FAO. Rome Declaration on World Food Security and World Food Summit Plan of Action. World Food Summit 13–17 November. 1996.
[25]. Lampert DJ, Hao C. Elgowainy Amgad. "Wells to wheels: water consumption for transportation fuels in the United States". Energy Environ. 2016;Sci.9(3):787–802. doi:10.1039/c5ee03254g.
[26]. Mohtar R.H, Daher B. A Platform for Trade-off Analysis and Resource Allocation The Water-Energy-Food Nexus Tool and its Application to Qatar’s Food Security. Energy, Environment and Resources, December 2014.
[27]. Iran Meteorological Organization and Ministry of Agriculture. [In Persian].
[28]. Allen RG, Perei RA LS, Rase D, Smith M. Crop evapotmospiartion. FAO Irrigation and Dranger Paper. 1998;No:56.
[29]. Smith M. Climate for cropwat, climatic database for irrigation planning and management. 1993;FAO Irrigation and Drainage page 49, Rome. p:113.
[30]. Water and wastewater department of Boroujerd city. [In Persian].
[31]. WHO. Diet. Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series. No. 916. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 2003.
[32]. Tracey D. Urban Agriculture: Ideas and Designs for the New Food Revolution. New Society Publishers. Gabriola Island. Canada. 2011;p.245.
[33]. Carreck N, Williams I. The economic value of bees in the UK. Bee World. 1998;79(3): 115–123.
[34]. Garnett T, Bakker N. Urban agriculture in London: rethinking our food economy. Growing Cities. Growing Food: Urban Agriculture on the Policy Agenda. A Reader on Urban Agriculture. 2000;p.540.
[35] The Gold Standard. Financing Cities of the Future: Tools to Scale-up Clean Urban Development. The Gold Standard Foundation. Report. 2015;p.13.
[36]. Oos M. China's biomass energy development – a perception change from waste to resource. Rural2. 2014;pp.3.
[37]. Polarstern. Energiewende weltweit. https://www.polarstern-energie.de/ kambodscha/ #image-13 accessed. 2015.[In German].
[38]. Sedlak DL. Water 4.0 – a revolution. Talk given at Oskar von Miller Forum. Munich. Germany. 2015;on 10.12.15.
)