ارزیابی اثر نظارت بر بهره‏برداری از سامانه‏های آبیاری قطره‏ای بر ارزش اقتصادی آب، راندمان و بهره‏وری آبیاری در زراعت گندم و ذرت (مطالعۀ موردی: شهرستان فاریاب)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

2 کارشناس ارشد سازه‏های آبی، دانشگاه زابل

3 دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبیاری، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

‌طراحی و اجرای سامانه‏های آبیاری معمولاً توسط افراد باتجربه و با صرف وقت، دقت و انرژی بسیار زیاد صورت می‏گیرد. این در حالی است که بهره‏برداری از سامانه‏های یادشده، توسط کشاورزانی صورت می‏گیرد که ضمن داشتن اطلاعات بسیار اندک در زمینۀ بهره‏برداری و نگهداری از سامانه‏های آبیاری، مدیریت کارآمد آبیاری، که بخش مهم بهره‏برداری از این سامانه‏ها هست را نیز به‌درستی انجام نمی‏دهند. به این منظور، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین تأثیرات نظارت کارشناسی بر بهره‏برداری از سامانه‏های آبیاری قطره‏ای بر بازده و بهره‏وری آبیاری و همچنین ارزش اقتصادی آب در سال زراعی 1396ـ 1397 در شهرستان فاریاب انجام شد. به این منظور، از اطلاعات جمع‏آوری‌شده از مزارع مجهز به سامانۀ آبیاری قطره‏ای نواری شامل دو محصول ذرت و گندم استفاده شد. در پژوهش حاضر، پروژه‏های مطالعه‌شده، در شرایط پیش از اجرای نظارت و پس از اجرای نظارت مطالعه شدند. نتایج نشان داد با اجرای نظارت بر بهره‏برداری سامانه‏های آبیاری قطره‏ای، مصرف آب آبیاری برای گندم و ذرت به‌ترتیب 1212 و 1533 مترمکعب در هکتار کاهش یافته و عملکرد محصول گندم و ذرت به‌ترتیب 1000 و 3400کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش یافته است. علاوه بر آن، پس از اجرای نظارت بر بهره‏برداری، میزان آبیاری، برای گندم و ذرت به‌ترتیب میزان آبیاری 11 و 16 درصد و مقدار کاربرد آب 57/0 و 54/0 کیلوگرم به ازای هر متر مکعب افزایش یافت. همچنین، برای گندم و ذرت به‌ترتیب بهره‏وری اقتصادی 5/0 و 64/0، بهره‏وری فیزیکی-اقتصادی 6550 و 6820 ریال به ازای هر متر مکعب و بهره‏وری فیزیکی 41/0 و 82/0 بهبود یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


 
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دوره 6، شماره 3
مهر 1398
صفحه 753-766
  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 فروردین 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 مرداد 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 مرداد 1398
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 مهر 1398
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 مهر 1398