ارزیابی اقتصادی تأثیرات کاهش حقابۀ تالاب انزلی بر خدمات اکولوژیکی مؤثر بر معیشت و درآمد جوامع محلی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی آب دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی‌(ره)، قزوین، ایران

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی‌(ره)، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

تالاب‏ها به دلیل ارائۀ کالاها و خدمات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم به جامعۀ بشری، بسیار اهمیت دارند و این امر سبب رشد فزایندۀ توجه به احیا و نگهداری آنها در جوامع مختلف شده است. به‏منظور حفظ ارزش‏های زیست‏محیطی تالاب‏ها و ‌تضمین رفاه اقتصادی-اجتماعی حاشیه‏نشینان تالاب، تأمین مقدار آب مورد نیاز برای ارائۀ مناسب خدمات اکولوژیکی مرتبط با موجودات اکوسیستم و جوامع محلی اطراف تالاب ضروری است. در پژوهش حاضر تالاب بین‏المللی انزلی به‏عنوان مطالعۀ موردی انتخاب شد و از یک مدل مفهومی برگرفته از مبانی IWRM برای ارزیابی خسارت‏های اقتصادی حاصل از تخریب شرایط اکولوژیکی تالاب استفاده شد. با تعریف وضعیت مطلوب و همچنین حداقل قابل قبول تالاب انزلی از نظر سلامت اکولوژیکی، ارزش اقتصادی کارکردها و خدمات تالاب در چهارچوب اهداف در نظر گرفته‌شده برای مدیریت یکپارچه در ترازهای اکولوژیکی متناظر به دست آمد. به منظور ارزیابی اقتصادی شرایط اکولوژیکی تالاب انزلی، ابتدا ارزش اقتصادی کل تالاب در شرایط حاضر از مجموع ارزش استفاده‏ای مستقیم، ارزش استفاده‏ای غیرمستقیم و ارزش غیر‏استفاده‏ای آن به میزان 102222 میلیون تومان برآورد شد. سپس، از طریق مقایسۀ ارزش اقتصادی کاسته‌شده در حال حاضر نسبت به دو وضعیت حداقل و مطلوب اکولوژیکی ارزش خدمات تالاب ارزیابی شد. در مقالۀ حاضر با معرفی شاخص‏هایی برای مشاغل اصلی مرتبط با تالاب، نشان داده شد که بر هم خوردن توازن هیدرولوژیکی از طریق لطمه زدن به خدمات اکولوژیکی ملموس تالاب انزلی، چه تأثیراتی بر ارکان مدیریت یکپارچۀ منابع آب در سیستم یادشده بر جای گذاشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Economic Evaluation of the Effects of Reducing Environmental Water Requirement of Anzali Wetland on the Livelihood and Income of the Local Communities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Modaberi 1
  • Alireza Shokoohi 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
2 Professor of Water Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

Wetlands, because of their direct and indirect services to the human community, are of vital importance and attract growing consideration for rehabilitation and maintenance. To preserve the wetlands’ environmental values and henceforth guaranteeing the welfare of the stakeholders, it is essential to provide them with their required water necessary for presenting proper ecological services to the related aqua creatures and stakeholders. In the present research, the international Anzali wetland was selected as the case study and a conceptual model, developed based on IWRM principals, was employed to evaluate the economic loss due to its ecological condition deterioration. Defining the favorable and minium acceptable ecological conditions in Anzali wetland, the economic values of its services in an IWRM framework were calculated. To quantify the ecological condition of Anzali wetland, the economic values of direct and indirect use-values and the non-use values of the wetland was calculated as much as 10,222,220 million Rials. Then, through using the lost benefit method, the reduced values of the present condition of the wetland’s ecological services compared with the suitable and minimum conditions were determined. In this paper, by introducing some indices for the main careers of the stakeholders, the impacts of unbalanced hydrological conditions on the wetland’s tangible ecological services and through which on the system’s integrated water resources management were revealed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecological services
  • Wetland economic value
  • Stakeholders income
  • IWRM
  • Anzali wetland
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