اثرات احداث سد بر شاخص‌های تغییرات هیدرولوژیک در حوضۀ آبخیز گرگانرود

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور

2 استاد، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور

3 استادیار، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور

چکیده

جریان رودخانه‏ای یکی از منابع مهم آبی است که برای مصارف مختلف حائز اهمیت بوده و روند تغییرات آن در مدیریت منابع آب ضروری است و از طرفی، جریان رودخانه‏ای توسط سدها، انحراف‌ها، جریان‏های برگشتی و توسعۀ شهری تحت ‏تأثیر قرار می‌گیرد و منجر به مسائل مختلفی از جمله وقوع خشکسالی، کاهش آبدهی و مسائل ‏محیط ‏زیستی می‏شود. با توجه به اهمیت رودخانه‏ها در تأمین آب، شناخت شرایط جریان و رژیم هیدرولیکی آن‏ها از اهمیت به‏سزایی برخوردار است. بنابراین، سازه‏های هیدرولیکی تأثیرات گسترده‏ای بر شرایط هیدرولیکی رودخانه در پایین‏دست خود دارند. هدف تحقیق حاضر، ارزیابی اثر احدات سدهای بوستان، گلستان و وشمگیر بر تغییرات رژیم جریان پایین‏دست آن‏ها است. به این‌منظور، واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی مدل هیدرولوژیک HBV در دورۀ قبل از احداث سد‏های بوستان، گلستان و وشمگیر انجام شده و مقدار دبی روزانه در دورۀ بعد از احداث سد‏ها شبیه‏سازی شد. در مطالعۀ حاضر، با استفادۀ نرم‏افزارIHA  نسخۀ 1/7 و با رویکرد محدودۀ تغییرپذیری (RVA)، 33 شاخص‏ تغییرات هیدرولوژیک (IHA) در پنج گروه اصلی (مقدار؛ تداوم؛ زمان‏بندی‌؛ فراوانی و میزان‏ تغییرات) در ایستگاه‏های تحت‏تأثیر سد‏های بوستان، گلستان و وشمگیر در دوره‏های قبل و بعد از احداث این سدها مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از شبیه‏سازی ایستگاه‏های تحت‏تأثیر سد با مدل HBV نشان داد مدل در هر دو دوره (واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی) در دورۀ قبل از احداث سدها دارای کارایی خوبی هستند. نتایج نشان داد در دورۀ واسنجی ایستگاه‏های آب‏سنجی اوغان، گنبد، قزاقلی و آق‏قلا به‏ترتیب با ضریب نش-ساتکلیف 52/0، 67/0 و 80/0 و 61/0 و همچنین، در دورۀ اعتبارسنجی ایستگاه‏های آب‏سنجی اوغان، گنبد، قزاقلی و آق‏قلا به‏ترتیب با ضریب نش-ساتکلیف 59/0، 41/0 و 58/0 و 54/0 بهترین کارایی را دارند. براساس نتایج، شاخص‏های هیدرولوژیک جریان ماهانه نشان می‏دهد در ایستگاه‏ اوغان تحت ‏تأثیر سد بوستان حدود 30 درصد، در ایستگاه‏های گنبد و قزاقلی تحت ‏تأثیر سد گلستان به‏ترتیب حدود 52 و 30 درصد و در ایستگاه آق‏قلا در پایین‏دست سد وشمگیر 49 درصد مقدار دبی جریان رودخانه در دوره‏های بعد از احداث سد‏ها کاهش داشته است. نتایج حاصل از این تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل می‏تواند در تصمیم‏گیری در مورد مسائل مدیریت پایدار منابع آب برای تدوین برنامۀ مدیریت حوضه در آینده مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impacts of Dam Construction on Indicators of Hydrologic Alterations in the Gorganroud Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatemeh daechini 1
  • Mehxi Vafakhah 2
  • vahid moosavi 3
1 Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran
2 خیابان حافظ-کوچه هاشمی نژاد شمالی-کوی گلشن ۴
3 Assistant professor Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor
چکیده [English]

Therefore, the purpose of this study is the statistical analysis of the 33 indicators of hydrologic alterations (IHA) in five main groups (magnitude-duration-timing-frequency-rate of change) in stations affected by the Bustan, Golestan and Voshmgir dams in the before and after periods of construction these dams using the IHA software version 7/1 and investigate is the climate variables change. For this purpose, the calibration and validation of the HBV hydrological model in the before period of Bustan, Golestan and Voshmgir dams construction and the amount of daily discharge in the after period of dams construction was simulated. The results of simulation of the affected stations of the dam with HBV model showed that the model has good performance in both periods (calibration and validation) in the before period of dams construction. The results showed that in the calibration period of Oghan, Gonbad, Ghazaghli and Aqqala hydrometric stations with Nash coefficient of 0/52, 0/67, 0/80 and 0/61, respectively, as well as in the validation period of Oghan, Gonbad, Ghazaghli and Aqqala hydrometric stations, respectively have the best performance with Nash coefficient of 0/59, 0/41, 0/58 and 0/54, respectively. According to the results, hydrological indicators of monthly flow show that in Oghan station under the influence of Bustan dam about 30%, in Gonbad and Ghazaghli stations under the influence of Golestan dam about 52% and 30%, respectively, and in Aqqala station downstream of the dam and 49% in the river.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calibration
  • Dam construction
  • Range of Variability Approach
  • Validation
  • Water resources management

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اکوهیدرولوژی
دوره 9، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 185-198

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 بهمن 1400

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