تعیین سهم منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی در محدودۀ یک شبکۀ آبیاری بر پایۀ محاسبۀ تلفات سامانۀ بهره‏برداری، مورد مطالعاتی شبکۀ آبیاری آبشار اصفهان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد گرایش سازه‌های آبی، گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گرایش منابع، گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

10.22059/ije.2022.342048.1634

چکیده

این مطالعه با شبیه‏سازی فرایند توزیع آب سطحی در کانال‏های آبیاری، تحلیل مکانی توزیع آب و همچنین، برآورد نیاز آب کشاورزی، اقدام به تعیین سهم منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی با هدف تدقیق سهم منابع آب در یک شبکۀ آبیاری کرد. در راستای دستیابی به این مهم، شبکۀ آبیاری آبشار اصفهان، با مشکلات حاد مدیریت توزیع آب، به عنوان نمونۀ مطالعاتی این پژوهش انتخاب شد. بنابراین، شبیه‏سازی توزیع آب بین آبگیرهای کانال اصلی و فرعی، با توسعۀ مدل شبیه‏ساز انتگرالی‌ـ تأخیری در محیط MATLAB صورت گرفت و تحلیل مکانی شاخص کفایت توزیع آب، در محیط GIS انجام شد. نیاز آبی محصولات الگوی کشت نیز با استفاده از برنامۀ نت‏وات برآورد شد. نتایج شبیه‏سازی در کانال‏های اصلی و فرعی، بیانگر روند غالباً کاهشی کفایت تحویل آب از آبگیرهای بالادست تا پایین‏دست، به‌خصوص تحت سناریوهای بهره‏برداری کم‏آبی بوده که نشان از ضعف مدیریت کارآمد توزیع آب در شبکه کانال داشت. همچنین، تحلیل مکانی کفایت توزیع آب آبیاری بیانگر ناکارآمدی تحویل آب سطحی و دلیل اصلی افزایش تعداد چاه‏های حفرشده توسط کشاورزان در محدودۀ شبکه آبیاری بوده است. در ادامه، سهم آب سطحی و زیرزمینی به تفکیک 59 روستای دارای حقابه مشخص شد، به ‏طوری ‏که آب سطحی توزیع‌شده در روستاهای واقع در بالادست و پایین‌دست هر کانال فرعی به‌ترتیب 35-48% و 49-60% تقاضای کشاورزی را تأمین کرده است. نتایج این تحقیق، زمینه را برای پیاده‏سازی سیستم حسابداری آب، با تدقیق سهم منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی در محدودۀ شبکۀ آبیاری، فراهم می‏کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the Surface and Groundwater Resources Portions within an Irrigation District Based on Operation Losses Calculation; Study Area of Abshar Irrigation District, Esfahan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soroush Barkhordari 1
  • Melika Ebrahim Najari 2
  • Seyed Mehdy Hashemy Shahdany 3
1 M. Sc. Student in Water Structures, Dept. of Water Engineering, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 M. Sc. Student in Water Structures, Dept. of Water Engineering, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Water Engineering, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study determined the surface and groundwater resources portions aimed at identifying the contribution of water resources in an irrigation district by simulating the process of surface water distribution in irrigation canals, spatial analysis of water distribution. The Abshar irrigation district located in Isfahan city was selected as a case of this study. The simulation of water distribution within the canals was performed by the development of an integral-delay simulator model in the MATLAB, and the spatial analysis of the water distribution adequacy index was performed in the GIS. The water requirement of the crop pattern products was also estimated using the NETWAT program. The main and sub-canals' simulation results indicate a frequently decreasing of water delivery adequacy from upstream to downstream units, especially under the water shortage scenarios, indicating the poor efficient management of water distribution in the canal district. The spatial analysis of irrigation water distribution adequately indicated the inefficiency of surface water delivery and the main reason for the increase in the number of wells drilled by farmers within the irrigation district. Subsequently, by determining the amount of surface water portion in the second and tertiary agricultural area and analyzing the operation information of wells located in the irrigation district, the tables of the contribution of surface and groundwater resources were performed separately for the secondary and tertiary irrigated units. The results of this study provide the basis for implementing the water accounting system, with the portion of surface and groundwater resources within the irrigation district.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Distribution and Delivery Simulation
  • Spatial Analysis of Surface Water Distribution
  • Water Accounting
  • Irrigation District
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