اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر کیفیت آب زیرزمینی (مطالعۀ موردی: حوضۀ آبخیز دامغان)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت و کنترل بیابان، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان

2 استادیار، دانشکدۀ کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان

10.22059/ije.2022.340711.1622

چکیده

بخش اصلی نیاز آبی کشور در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک از آب‌های زیرزمینی تأمین می‌شود، بنابراین بررسی تغییرات کیفی و کمی این آب‌ها و علل اثرگذار بر آن‌ها اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. تغییرات کاربری اراضی می‌تواند باعث تغییراتی در کیفیت آب‌های زیرزمینی شود. در اینجا تغییرات کاربری اراضی طی سال‌های 2003 تا 2020 در حوضۀ آبخیز دامغان با استفاده از تصاویر ماهوارۀ لندست 8، 7 و 5، نرم‌افزار eCognition و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از 1760 حلقه چاه در سطح استان جهت میان‌یابی، تهیۀ دقیق نقشه‌های کیفیت آب زیرزمینی و استخراج نقشۀ زمین‌آمار و از اطلاعات 58 حلقه چاه عمیق در داخل حوضه به ‌منظور تحلیل و بررسی تغییرات کیفی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد سطح مراتع، جنگل و اراضی کشاورزی کاهش و سطح باغ‌ها، مناطق شهری، اراضی بدون پوشش و منابع آب سطحی (ناشی از احداث سد) افزایش‌ یافته است. در این دوره تغییرات کیفی آب‌های زیرزمینی شامل کلر 01/1 میلی اکی والان افزایش، سولفات 34/0 میلی اکی والان کاهش، بی‌کربنات 46/0 میلی اکی والان افزایش، منیزیم 32/0 میلی اکی والان افزایش، کلسیم 25/2 میلی اکی والان کاهش و سدیم 58/3 میلی اکی والان افزایش، هدایت الکتریکی 81/44 میکرو موس بر سانتی‌متر افزایش، غلظت املاح محلول 88/103 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر افزایش و اسیدیته 09/0 افزایش است. این تغییرات با نرم‌افزار R مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و نتایج نشان دادند تغییرات کیفیت آب در ارتباط با تغییرات کاربری اراضی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Land Use Change on Groundwater Quality (Case Study: Damghan Watershed)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Peyman Akbarzadeh 1
  • Shima Nikoo 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Combating Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Combating Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Most of the water needs in arid and semi-arid regions is supplied through groundwater, so it is important to study the quantitative and qualitative changes of these waters and the factors affecting them. Land use changes can cause changes in groundwater quality. Here, land use changes in the period 2003 to 2020 in Damghan watershed were studied using Landsat 8, 7 and 5 satellite images, eCognition software and GIS. 1760 wells data in Semnan province were used for intermediation and accurate preparation of groundwater quality maps and extraction of geostatistical maps. Also, the information of 58 deep wells inside the watershed was used to analyze and study the groundwater quality changes. The results showed that the area of rangelands, forests and agricultural lands decreased and the area of gardens, urban areas, barren lands and surface water resources (due to the construction of the dam) increased. During this period, groundwater quality changes included Cl increased by 1.01 mEq, SO₄-2, decreased by 0.34 mEq, HCO3- increased by 0.46 mEq, Mg increased by 0.32 mEq, Ca decreased by 2.25 mEq, Na increased 3.58 mEq, electrical conductivity increased  by 44.81 μmohs / cm, Total dissolved solids increased by103.88 mg / l and pH increased by 0.09. These changes were evaluated with R software and the results showed that changes in groundwater quality are related to land use changes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land use changes
  • Interpolation
  • Remote Sensing
  • Water Quality
  • R Software

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اکوهیدرولوژی
دوره 9، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 437-459

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 فروردین 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 اردیبهشت 1401

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