ارزیابی کمبود آب در تولید گندم در ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکدۀ علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بین‏المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین

4 استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان

5 دکتری علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکدۀ علوم و مهندسی، دانشگاه جیمز کوک، تاونزویل، استرالیا

10.22059/ije.2023.348718.1683

چکیده

کشاورزی بیشترین سهم از کل مصرف آب در سراسر جهان را به خود اختصاص داده است. در بین غلات مصرف و تقاضای زیاد گندم در سراسر جهان، آن را به یک محصول استراتژیک تبدیل کرده است. به دلیل زیاد بودن سطح زیر کشت آن در دنیا، میزان آب مصرف‌شده برای تولید گندم به طور قابل ملاحظه‏ای می‏تواند روی کل آب مصرف‌شده در بخش کشاورزی تأثیر بگذارد و تهدیدی جدی برای دسترسی به منابع آب باشد. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی کمبود آب در تولید گندم در ایران با تأکید بر چارچوب ردپای آب در سطح کشور طی دورۀ آماری 1387 تا 1398 صورت گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از مطالعۀ حاضر نشان داد ‌سهم ردپای آب آبی، سبز و خاکستری به‌ترتیب 76/71، 87/15 و 11/13 درصد از کل ردپای آب در تولید محصول گندم فاریاب و 55 و 34/38 درصد سهم ردپای آب سبز و خاکستری در گندم دیم در ایران را تشکیل می‏دهد. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد میانگین شاخص تنش آبی تولید گندم در سطح کشور 6/0 است که محدودۀ تغییرات مکانی این شاخص از 01/0 در گیلان تا 01/3 در اردبیل در شمال کشور متغیر است. بیشترین میزان شاخص خودکفایی آب (کمترین شاخص وابستگی) مربوط به استان خراسان شمالی، خوزستان و فارس با مقدار متوسط 70 درصد و کمترین میزان شاخص خودکفایی مربوط به استان گیلان (2 درصد)، مازندران 9 و تهران 16 درصد (بیشترین شاخص وابستگی) است. مطالعۀ حاضر برای تصمیم‏گیری در مورد مدیریت پایدار منابع آب برای تولید گندم در ایران بسیار راه‌گشاست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of water shortage in wheat production at Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahla Dehghanpir 1
  • Ommolbanin Bazrafshan 2
  • Hadi Ramezani Etedali 3
  • Arashk Holisaz 4
  • Behnam Ababaei 5
1 Department of Natural resources Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2 Department of Natural resources Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3 Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
4 Department of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
5 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
چکیده [English]

Agriculture has the largest share of total water consumption in the world. Among the cereals, the high consumption and demand of wheat has made it a strategic product. Due to the high level of wheat cultivation in the world, the amount of water used for its production can significantly affect the total water used in the agricultural sector and pose a serious threat to access to water resources. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the water shortage in wheat production in Iran, emphasizing the framework of the water footprint in the country during the statistical period of 2007-2018. The results of this study showed that the share of blue, green and gray water footprints is 71.76, 15.87 and 13.11% of the total water footprint in the production of Faryab wheat and 55 and 38.34% of the green water footprint respectively. And it forms gray in dry wheat in Iran. Also, the results showed that the average water stress index of wheat production in the country is 0.6, and the range of spatial changes of this index varies from 0.01 in Guilan to 3.01 in Ardebil at the North. The highest level of water self-sufficiency index (lowest dependency index) is related to North Khorasan, Khuzestan and Fars provinces with an average value of 70% and the lowest level of self-sufficiency index is related to Guilan province (2%), Mazandaran 9% and Tehran 16% (highest dependency index). The present study will be very helpful for making decisions about the sustainable management of water resources for wheat production in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Stress Index
  • Wheat Production
  • Water footprint
  • Water Shortage
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