بررسی ارتباط خشک‏سالی هیدرولوژیکی و میزان هدایت الکتریکی رودخانه در ایستگاه‌های پایین‌دست رودخانۀ کرخه

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‏آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد سازه ‏های آبی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران‌

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران‌

10.22059/ije.2023.352632.1703

چکیده

این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر دوره‌های خشکسالی هیدرولوژیکی بر میزان هدایت الکتریکی آب، در ایستگاه‏های منتخب حوضۀ‏‏ جنوبی رودخانۀ کرخه انجام شد. برای بررسی روند داده‏ها از آزمون من کندال و برای تعیین نقاط شکست در روند داده‏ها از آزمون پتیت استفاده شد. نتایج آزمون پتیت برای پارامتر هدایت الکتریکی بیانگر شکست در روند داده‏ها طی سال‏های 1375 و 1376 در ایستگاه‏های مختلف بود. بررسی داده‏ها نشان داد هدایت الکتریکی در رودخانۀ کرخه روند افزایشی داشته ‏است. این افزایش با کاهش شدید دبی، ناشی از خشک‏سالی‏‏های متوالی در رودخانۀ کرخه همراه بوده ‏است. همچنین، روند شاخص خشک‏سالی SDI همواره با روند افزایش EC در رودخانۀ کرخه همراه نبوده است. به ‏‏‏‏علاوه، افزایش هدایت الکتریکی در ایستگاه‏های پایین‏دست سد کرخه، احتمالاً بیشتر‏ به‏ دلیل کاهش دبی ناشی از تنظیم دبی توسط سد بوده‏ است. با مشاهدۀ نقطۀ شکست در سری زمانی دبی و هدایت الکتریکی در سال 1376، مشاهده شد که بروز خشک‏سالی و در نتیجه، افزایش شوری پیش از آبگیری سد کرخه رخ داده ‏‏است. همچنین، در سال‏های پس از بهره‏برداری از سد تغییرات هدایت الکتریکی در ایستگاه‏های عبدالخان و پای ‏پل فاقد روند قابل توجهی است. به نظر می‏رسد در سال‏های پس از بهره‏برداری، سد کرخه تنها عامل مؤثر بر بروز روند افزایش هدایت الکتریکی در ایستگاه‏های واقع در پایاب نبوده و افزایش بروز خشکسالی و افزایش مصارف در مناطق بالادست هم بر کاهش دبی و در نتیجه، افزایش شوری کرخۀ جنوبی مؤثر بوده‏اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Relationship between Hydrological Drought and the Electrical Conductivity of the River in the Downstream Stations of the Karkheh River

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Valipour 1
  • Amir Naserin 2
  • Saied Jalily 2
1 Graduated Student in Water Structures, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of hydrological drought periods on the electrical conductivity of water in selected stations of the southern part of the Karkheh River. Mann-Kendall test was used to assess the trend of the data and Petit test was used to determine the break points in the data. The results of Petit's test for electrical conductivity parameter indicated a failure in the data trend in 1996 and 1997 in different stations. Because of meteorological drought, the electrical conductivity has been increased and at the same time a sharp decrease in discharge is recognizable. Although, the trend of SDI index has not always been accompanied by the trend of increasing EC. In addition, the increase in electrical conductivity in Karkheh Dam’s downstream stations is probably due to the dam regulatory flow decreasing. By observing the break point in the time series of discharge and electrical conductivity in 1997, it was fund that the occurrence of drought and as a result the increase in salinity occurred before the dam impoundment. Also, after that, there is no significant change in electrical conductivity in Abdulkhan and Paypol stations. It seems that the Karkheh dam was not the most effective factor in the increase of EC in the downstream stations after its operation, and reducing the discharge and, as a result, increasing the salinity of the South Karkheh area can be considered as a result of the increase in drought and consumption in the upstream regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate Change
  • Khuzestan
  • Salinity
  • Water Quality
  • SDI

مراجع

  • Zahrayee B. Determining the effects of climate change on precipitation and surface runoff in the Karkheh watershed. 2016.
  • Wilhite DA, Glantz MH. Understanding: The drought phenomenon: The role of definitions. Water Int. 1985;10(3):111–20.
  • Tabari H, Nikbakht J, Hosseinzadeh Talaee P. Hydrological Drought Assessment in Northwestern Iran Based on Streamflow Drought Index (SDI). Water Resour Manag. 2013;27(1):137–51.
  • Karimi M, Shahedi K BM. Analysis of hydrological drought using constant threshold level method (Case study: Karkheh River Basin, Iran). J Water Manag Res [Internet]. 2015;6(11):59–72.
  • MesbahZadeh T, SoleimaniSardoo F. Temporal trend study of hydrological and meteorological drought in Karkheh watershed. Iran J Watershed Manag Sci Eng. 2018;12(40):105–14.

 

  • Hayes MJ, Svoboda MD, Wilhite DA, Vanyarkho O V. Monitoring the 1996 Drought Using the Standardized Precipitation Index. Bull Am Meteorol Soc. 1999;80(3):429–38.
  • Hong Wu, Michael J.Hayes, Albert Weiss, Qi Hu. An evaluation of the Standardized Precipitation Index, the China-Z Index and the statistical Z-Score. Int J Climatol. 2001;21(6(2001)).
  • Pashiardis S, Michaelides S. Implementation of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) for Regional Drought Assessment: A case study for Cyprus. Eur Water. 2008;23(1993):57–65.
  • Khalighi Sigaroudi S, Sadeghi sangdehi S., Awsati K, Ghavidel Rahimi Y. The Study of Drought and Wet Year Assessment models for Stations in Mazandaran province. Iran J Range Desert Reseach. 2009;16(1):44-54 (In Persian).
  • Farasati M MH. Investigating the effect of Karkheh Reservoir Dam on changes in the salinity of water entering the reservoir. In: 9th National Seminar on Irrigation and Evaporation Reduction. Kerman; 2017.
  • Amirian A, Tabari, H, Kashkouli, HA, Hassounizadeh H S. Assessing the effects of drought on the water quality of the Maroon River. In: 8th International River Engineering Conference. Ahvaz; 2009.
  • Gheisouri M, Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi S GM. Assessment of Meteorological and Hydrological Drought and its Effect on Water Quality: (Case Study: Godarkhosh River). J Irrig Sci Eng. 2018;41(4):91–101.
  • Talebi A, Elmi MR, Rajabi-Mohammadi F PS. Trend Investigation of Water Quality Variations in Zayande-Roud River During Dry and Wet Years. Environ Water Eng. 2018;4(4):310–20.
  • Shatti S, Akhoond-Ali AM. Analysis the Effects of Recent Hydrological Drought on Karun River Salinity. Iran J Irrig Drain [Internet]. 2018;12(5):1189-1202 ‎(In Persian)‎.
  • Azish S, Asareh A, Khodadadi Dehkordi D. Effect of Drought on the Water Quality and Quantity of Dez River. Iran-Water Resour Res. 2019;15(2):306–18.
  • Elsdon TS, De Bruin MBNA, Diepen NJ, Gillanders BM. Extensive drought negates human influence on nutrients and water quality in estuaries. Sci Total Environ. 2009;407(8):3033–43.
  • Nosrati K. The effects of hydrological drought on water quality. IAHS-AISH Publ. 2011;348:51–6.
  • Malakootian M, Ahmadian M, Ahrampoush M HA. Investigation of water quality index based on NSFWQI index in Bardsir city. In: 14th National Conference on Environmental Health. Yazd; 2011.
  • Mosley LM. Drought impacts on the water quality of freshwater systems; review and integration. Earth-Science Rev. 2015;140:203–14.
  • Mahmoudi P, Tavousi T SA. Drought and Its Effects on Groundwater Resources Quality in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. J Water Res Agric. 2015;29(1):21–35.
  • Hipsey MR, Mosley LM, Zammit B, Leyden E, Heneker TM, Skinner D, et al. The Impact of Extreme Low Flows on the Water Quality of the Lower Murray River and Lakes (South Australia). Water Resour Manag. 2012;26:3923–46.
  • Saft M, Western AW, Zhang L, Peel MC, Potter NJ. The influence of multiyear drought on the annual rainfall-runoff relationship: An Australian perspective. Water Resour Res. 2015;51(4):2444–63.
  • Peña-Guerrero MD, Nauditt A, Muñoz-Robles C, Ribbe L, Meza F. Drought impacts on water quality and potential implications for agricultural production in the Maipo River Basin, Central Chile. Hydrol Sci J. 2020;65(6):1005–21.
  • Momblanch A, Paredes-Arquiola J, Munné A, Manzano A, Arnau J, Andreu J. Managing water quality under drought conditions in the Llobregat River Basin. Sci Total Environ. 2015;503–504:300–18.
  • Flores M, Núñez J, Oyarzún J, Freixas G, Maturana H, Oyarzún R. Surface water quality in a sulfide mineral-rich arid zone in North-Central Chile: Learning from a complex past, addressing an uncertain future. Hydrol Process. 2017;31(3):498–513.
  • He Z, Yao J, Lu Y, Guo D. Detecting and explaining long‐term changes in river water quality in south‐eastern Australia. Hydrol Process. 2022;36(11).
  • Hassanzadeh Y, Abdi-Kordani A F-FA. Drought Forecasting Using Genetic Algorithm and Conjoined Model of Neural Network-Wavelet. J Water Wastewater. 2012;23(3):48–59.
  • McKee TB, Doesken NJ KJ. The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. In: 8th Conference on Applied Climatology. Anaheim, CA; 1993. p. 179–83.
  • Ben-Zvi A. Indices of hydrological drought in Israel. J Hydrol. 1987;92(1–2):179–91.
  • Shukla S, Wood AW. Use of a standardized runoff index for characterizing hydrologic drought. Geophys Res Lett. 2008;35(2).
  • Nalbantis I, Tsakiris G. Assessment of hydrological drought revisited. Water Resour Manag. 2009;23(5):881–97.
  • Koushki R, Rahimi M, Amiri M, Mohammadi M, Dastorani J. Investigation of relationship between meteorological and hydrological drought in Karkheh watershed. Iran J Ecohydrol [Internet]. 2017;4(3):687–98.
  • Rahmati H, Boroomandnasab S, Izadpanah Z AM. Detecting abrupt and gradual changes in water quality parameters at the downstream stations of Gotvand-Olia Dam. Iran J Irrig Drain. 2018;12(2):458–71.
  • Jones E, van Vliet MTH. Drought impacts on river salinity in the southern US: Implications for water scarcity. Sci Total Environ. 2018;644:844–53.
  • Wolff E, van Vliet MTH. Impact of the 2018 drought on pharmaceutical concentrations and general water quality of the Rhine and Meuse rivers. Sci Total Environ. 2021;778.
  • Golzari S, Abyaneh HZ, Dinan NM, Delavar M, Wagner PD. Modeling the effects of human influences on water quality and quantity in the Zarrineh River Basin, Iran. J Hydro-Environment Res. 2022;40:51–63.
  • van Vliet MTH, Zwolsman JJG. Impact of summer droughts on the water quality of the Meuse river. J Hydrol. 2008;353(1–2):1–17.
  • Prathumratana L, Sthiannopkao S, Kim KW. The relationship of climatic and hydrological parameters to surface water quality in the lower Mekong River. Environ Int. 2008;34(6):860–6.
  • The standards of Iranian waters. Tehran; 2016.
  • Ayers, RS; Westcot D. Water quality for agriculture. Rome, Italy.: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.; 1985.
  • Wilbers GJ, Zwolsman G, Klaver G, Hendriks AJ. Effects of a drought period on physico-chemical surface water quality in a regional catchment area. J Environ Monit. 2009;11(6):1298–302.
اکوهیدرولوژی
دوره 9، شماره 4
دی 1401
صفحه 815-831

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 آبان 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار