مدیریت پایدار منابع آب با استفاده از ارائۀ طرح بازچرخانی رواناب شهری با هدف آبیاری فضای سبز (مطالعۀ موردی کانال الهیه منطقۀ 3 تهران)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 رئیس ادارۀ محیط زیست و توسعۀ پایدار شهرداری منطقۀ 3 تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی منابع آب، گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار دانشکدۀ علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران

10.22059/ije.2023.352783.1705

چکیده

تخریب اکوسیستم‏های آبی، افت کیفیت آب شهری و کمبود آب موجب شد تا کشورها به استفاده از منابع آبی نامتعارف روی آوردند. در حال حاضر، منابع آب شهرهای پرجمعیت مانند تهران بر اثر مصرف و برداشت بیش از حد با کاهش شدید مواجه شده است. در این تحقیق، کانال آب الهیه منطقۀ 3 تهران به عنوان مطالعۀ موردی برای بررسی طرح بازچرخانی و استفادۀ مجدد از آب کانال انتخاب شد. تحقیق حاضر به بررسی فرایند برداشت، تصفیه و سپس استفادۀ مجدد آب کانال شهری با هدف آبیاری بخشی از فضای سبز منطقۀ 3 تهران پرداخته است. داده‏های مورد استفاده در این تحقیق به روش مشاهدۀ میدانی برداشت شده و تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل‏ها در یکی از آزمایشگاه‏های معتمد محیط زیست انجام شده است. برخی از مهم‌ترین نتایج کیفیت آب به صورت زیر است: بیشترین احتمال آماری کلی‏فرم گوارشی 1100 در 100 میلی‏لیتر بوده، این مقدار نشان‌دهندۀ آلودگی میکروبی است. وجود نمک‏های سدیمی موجب کاهش نفوذپذیری آب در خاک می‏شود و عامل بازداندۀ رشد گیاهان است، میانگین میزان سدیم آب این کانال، 34 میلی‏گرم بر لیتر بوده که از حد آستانه تجاوز کرده است. میانگین مقدار BOD5 و COD به‌ترتیب 38 و 72 میلی‏گرم بر لیتر بوده است که از نظر استاندارد EPA این مقادیر بیشتر از حد مجاز است. همچنین، نتایج آزمایش فلزات سنگین نشان داد بور با میانگین 52 ppb از حد آستانه تجاوز کرده است و محدودیت شدید در آبیاری ایجاد می‏کند. در نهایت، نتایج آزمایش نمونه‏های آب کانال، نشان داد ‌با انجام مراحل مختلف تصفیه از جمله تصفیۀ فیزیکی، پیشرفته و گندزدایی، این آب جهت استفادۀ مجدد آماده‏سازی می‏شود. همچنین، نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد استفاده از آب کانال الهیه برای آبیاری فضای سبز موجب کاهش فشار بر سفرۀ آب زیرزمینی می‏شود، چرا که در حال حاضر 560 مترمکعب در روز از چاه فخار برداشت می‏شود که در صورت جایگزین کردن آب کانال الهیه این مقدار در سفرۀ آب زیرزمینی به صورت ذخیره باقی خواهد ماند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sustainable management of water resources by reusing urban runoff for irrigation (case study of Elahieh Canal, district 3, Municipality of Tehran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Sadat Tara 1
  • Seyedeh Mahsa Mousavi Reineh 2
  • Hossein Yousefi 3
1 1Head of Environment and Sustainable Development Department, District 3, Municipality of Tehran, Iran
2 PhD student of Water Engineering, Department of Water Engineering, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Iran
3 Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Destruction of aquatic ecosystems, reduction of urban water quality and shortage of water caused countries to use unconventional water sources. Currently, the water resources of populated cities like Tehran are under severe pressure. In this research, the Elahieh canal in Tehran 3rd district was selected as a case study. The purpose of this study is to reuse canal water as an important method of sustainable management of water resources. The present research has investigated the supplying, purification and reuse of urban canal water with the aim of irrigating a part of the green areas in the 3rd district of Tehran. The data that is used in this research was collected by field observation method and the analyzes were done in the accredited laboratory. Some of the most important water quality results are as follows: the average amount of coliform bacteria was 1100 MPN/100cc, this value indicates microbial contamination. The presence of sodium reduces the permeability of water in the soil and inhibits the growth of plants. The amount of sodium in the water of this channel is 34 mg/lit, which has exceeded the threshold. The amount of BOD5 and COD was 38 and 72 mg/lit, respectively. Also, the heavy metal test results showed that boron exceeded the threshold with an average of 52 ppb. Finally, the testing of the samples showed that this water will be prepared for reuse by performing various stages of physical and advanced purification and also disinfection. Also, the results showed that using the Elahieh canal water for irrigation, reduces the pressure on the underground water table. Currently, 560 cubic meters per day are being pumped from the Fakhar well, if recycled water is used instead of Fakhar well, 560 cubic meters per day will be saved.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Recycling
  • Reuse
  • Effluent
  • Unconventional Water
  • Sustainable Water Management
  • Irrigation Water Supply
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