ارزیابی تغییرات زمانی و مکانی شاخص سلامت هیدرولوژیک رودخانه در حوزه‌های آبخیز استان اردبیل

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‏ ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

4 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

ارزیابی سلامت رودخانه می‏تواند به‏عنوان ابزاری در برآورد جریان زیست‏محیطی و کمی‏‌کردن مقدار، زمان‏بندی و کیفیت جریان آب مورد نیاز در تداوم حیات اکوسیستم‏های رودخانه‏ای استفاده شود. هدف از مطالعۀ حاضر، تعیین روند تغییرات زمانی و مکانی سلامت رودخانه‏های استان اردبیل با تأکید بر شاخص‏های هیدرولوژیک جریان با استفاده از آزمون‏‏های آماری است. بدین‌منظور از داده‏های دبی روزانۀ ایستگاه‏های هیدرومتری طی دورۀ آماری 1367‌ـ 1390 برای تجزیه و تحلیل سلامت رودخانه و از آزمون ناپارامتریک من‌ـ کندال و روش تخمینگر سن به‌منظور تعیین وجود داشتن یا نداشتن روند مثبت و منفی در سطوح مختلف آماری استفاده شد. همچنین پس از تقسیم‏بندی دورۀ آماری موجود به چهار دورۀ پنج‌ساله، از آزمون کروسکال والیس برای بررسی تغییرات زمانی و وجود تفاوت در دوره‌‏های کوتاه‏مدت استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش روند کاهشی معنا‏دار سلامت رودخانه در ایستگاه‏های مطالعه‌شده (13 ایستگاه از 24 ایستگاه) را نشان داد. ایستگاه‏های سولا و فیروزآباد روند افزایشی معنا‏داری داشتند و در ایستگاه‏های باقی‏مانده روندی معنا‏دار تشخیص داده نشد. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از نقشه‏های تغییرات مکانی سلامت رودخانه، بیشترین تغییر وضعیت شاخص سلامت رودخانه در بخش مرکزی و کمترین تغییرات و کاهش شاخص یادشده در قسمت‏های شمالی و جنوبی استان مشاهده شد. در مجموع، می‏توان گفت که میزان تغییرات و کاهش درجۀ سلامت هیدرولوژیک جریان در دوره‏های اخیر بسیار بیشتر از گذشته بوده است که می‏تواند با افزایش شدت بهره‏برداری از منابع آب سطحی و کاهش آبدهی بر اثر تغییرات اقلیمی مرتبط باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

‏Spatiotemporal assessment of the hydrologic river health index variations in Ardabil Province Watersheds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Khorooshi 1
  • Raoof Mostafazadeh 2
  • Abazar Esmali Ouri 3
  • Majid Raoof 4
1 MA Student, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
2 MA Student, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
3 MA Student, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
چکیده [English]

Assessment of river health can be used as a tool for environmental flow estimation and quantification of the amount, timing and required water flow quality for permanence of river ecosystems. The current  study aims to determine the spatial and temporal changes of rivers health with an emphasis on hydrologic indicators by using statistical tests in Ardabil province. For this purpose, the daily discharge data of 24 hydrometric stations with the period of 1367-1390 was used for river health analysis. In addition, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen's estimator method were performed to determine the presence or absence of positive and negative trends at different statistical levels. Also, after dividing the existed study span into four periods, the Kruskal–Wallis test was applied for the investigation of temporal variations and the existence of differences between short-term periods. Results showed a significant decreasing trend of river health in studied stations (13 stations from 24 stations). Sula and Firuzabad stations had significant increasing trend and in other remained stations, no significant trend was identified. According to the results obtained from the maps of spatial variability of river health, maximum and minimum change of river health indicators were observed  in the central part, and northern and southern parts of the province, respectively. Generally, it can be said that, recently, the overall changes as well as reduction in hydrologic flow health have been more compared to the past which can be associated with increase of exploitation intensity from surface water resources as well as reduction in the water yield due to climate change.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Surface waters
  • Mann-Kendall Test
  • discharge variations
  • Flow regime
  • hydrologic index

مراجع

منابع
[1]. Pinto, Uthpala. Maheshwari, Basant-L, Sherestha, Surendra, and Morris, Charles, 2012, Understanding the meaning of river health for a community: perspectives from the peri-urban region of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, Australia. Water Policy. Vol 14, pp766-783.
[2]. Khorooshi, Saeid. Mostafazadeh, Raoof, Esmali-Ouri, Abazar, and Raoof, Majid, 2016, River health, importance and application. Extension and Development of Watershed Management. Vol 4(13), pp35-40. [Persian].
[3]. Xiaoyan, Liu. Yuanfeng, Zhang, and Jianzhong, Zhang, 2006, Healthy Yellow River’s essence and indicators. J Geographical Sciences. Vol 16(3), pp259-270.
[4]. Karr, James-R. and Chu, Ellen-W, 2000, Sustaining living rivers. Hydrobiologia.Vol 422/423, pp1-14.
[5]. Meyer, Judy-L, 1997, Stream health: incorporating the human dimension to advance stream ecology. The North American Benthological Society. Vol 16, pp439-447.
[6]. Asiabi-Hir, Roghaye. Mostafazadeh, Raoof, Raoof, Majid, and Esmali-Ouri, Abazar, 2016, Water poverty index and its importance in water resources management. Extension and Development of Watershed Management. Vol 3(11), pp17-22. [Persian].
[7]. Guo, Wenxian. Xia, Ziqian, and Wang Hongxiang, 2008, Connotation and evaluation indicators system of river health. Proceedings of 16th IAHR-APD Congress and 3rd Symposium of IAHR-ISH. pp423-428.
[8]. Maroofi, Safar. and Tabari, Hosein, 2011, Detecting the trends in discharge of the Maroon river by using parametric and nonparametric methods. Geographical Research. Vol 2, pp125-146. [Persian].
[9]. Hojam, Sohrab. Khoshkhoo, Yunes, and Shamodin-Vandi, Reza, 2008, The trend analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall in some selected station in the central of Iran using non-parametric methods. Physical Geography Reserch Quarterly. Vol 64, pp157-168. [Persian].
[10]. Shokri, Sanaz. Hushmand, Abdolrahim, and Moazedi, Hadi, 2014, Detecting the trend river flow variation of GorGor River using parametric and non-parametric methods.1st National Conference Water, Human, Earth Isfahan. pp1-8. [Persian].
[11]. Mousavian, Maryam. Haghi-Zadeh, Ali, Dehdari, Somayeh, and Hazbavi, zeynab, 2014, Affective environmental factors on temporal variations of water quality properties in Zard River in Khuzestan Province. Iranian Journal of Ecohydrology. Vol 1(1), pp59-68. [Persian].
[12]. Zare-Bidaki, Rafat. Mahdianfard, Maryam, Honarbakhsh, Afshin, and Zeinivand, Hossein, 2015, Base flow estimation in Tireh Dorood River in order to environmental flow assessmen. Iranian Journal of Ecohydrology. Vol 2(3), pp275-287. [Persian].
[13]. Khorshiddoust, Ali-Mohammad. Rezaei-Banafsheh, Majid, Mirhashemi, Hamid, and Kakolvand, Yusef, 2015, Studying the trend of changes in precipitation – discharge the Karkhe River sub-basin by usinge non-parametric methods, case study: Kashkan basin. Journal of Irrigation Science and Engineering. Vol 4, pp177-188. [Persian].
 [14]. Saeb, Keivan. Taghavi, Lobat, and Kazemian, Hosein, 2016, Monitoring and assessment of water health quality in the Haraz River, Iran using macroinvertebrates indices. Iranian Journal of Ecohydrology.Vol 3(1), pp45-53.[Persian].
[15]. Rahimi, Leila. Dehghani, Amir-Ahmad, Ghorbani, Khalil, and Abdolhosseini, Mohammad, 2014, Investigation of total and base flow trend in Arazkuseh hydrometric station (Gorganrood Watershed in Golestan Province). Journal of Water and Soil Consrevation. Vol 2, pp173-189. [Persian].
[16]. Aziz-Abadi-Farahani, Maryam. and Shirshahi, Fahime, 2013, Study of temporal and spatial maximum discharge changes in the Karkhe basin. 1st Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources. pp1-8.
[17]. Kumar, Sanjiv. Merwad, Venkatesh, Kam, Jonghun, and Thurner, Kensey, 2009, Stream flow trends in Indiana: Effects of long term persistence, precipitation and subsurface drains. Journal of Hydrology. Vol 374:(1-2), pp171-183.
[18]. Taylor, Debra-L. Bolgrien, David-W, Angradi, Ted-R, Pearson, Mark-S, and Hill, Brian-H, 2013, Habitat and hydrology condition indices for the upper Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio rivers. Ecological Indicators. Vol 29, pp111–124.
[19]. Pinto, Uthpala. and Maheshwari Basant, 2014, A framework for assessing river haelth in peri-urban lanscapes. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology. Vol 14, pp121-131.
[20]. Wozniki, Sean-A. Nejadhashemi, Pouyan-A, Ross, Dennis-M, Zhang, Zhen, Wang, Lizhu, and Esfahani Abdol-Hossein, 2015, Ecohydrological model parameter selection for stream health evaluation. Science of the Total Environment. Vol 511, pp 341–353.
[21]. Sanchez, Georgina-M. Nejadhashemi, Pouyan-A, Zhang, Zhen, Marquat-Pyatt, Sandra, Habron, Geoffrey, and Shortridge, Ashton, 2015, Linking watershed-scale stream health and socioeconomic indicators with spatial clustering and structural equation modeling. Environmental Modelling & Software. Vol 70, pp113-127.
 [22]. Gonzales-Inca, Carlos-A. Lepistö, Ahti, and Huttula, Timo, 2016, Trend detection in water-quality and load time-series from agricultural catchments of Yläneenjoki and Pyhäjoki, SW Finland. Boreal Environment Research. Vol. 21, pp166-180.
[23]. Gippel, Christopher-J. Marsh, Nick, and Grice Tory, 2012, Flow Health - Software to assess the deviation of river flows from reference and to design a monthly environmental flow regime. Technical Manual and User Guide, Version 2.0. ACEDP Australia-China Environment Development Partnership, River Health and Environmental Flow in China. International Water Centre, Brisbane, Fluvial Systems Pty Ltd, Stockton, and Yorb Pty Ltd, Brisbane, September. pp1-44.
[24]. Addor, Nans. Nikolova, Silvia, and Seibert, Jan, 2016, Simulated discharge trends indicate robustness of hydrological models in a changing. Geophysical Research Abstracts. 18:EGU2016-10421-1, EGU2016.
[25]. Loliyana, Viraj-D. and Patel Premlal, 2015, Trend analysis of climat variables and their impact on stream flow using Nam model. E-proceeding of the 36th. IAHR World Congress, 28June-3July, the Hague, the Netherlands, pp1-10.
[26]. Lanzent, John-R. 1996, Resistant, robust and nonparametric techniques for the analysis of climate data: theory and examoels incloding applications to historical radiosond station data. International Journal of climatology. Vol 16, pp1197-1226.
[27]. Lettenmaier, Dennis-P. Wood, Eric-F, and Wallis, James-R, 1994, Hydro-climatological trends in the continental United States 1948–88. Journal of Climate. Vol 7, pp586–607.
[28]. Salmi, Timo. Maatta, Anu, Antilla, Pia, Ruoho-Airola, Tuija, and Amnell, Toni, 2002, Detecting trends of annual values of atmospheric pollutants by the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimates –the Excel template application MAKESENS. Published by Finnish Meteorological Institute Publications on Air Quality No. 31 Vuorikatu 24, P.O. Box 503 Report code FMI-AQ-31 FIN-00101. pp1-35.
[29]. Gilbert, Richard-O, 1987, Statistical methods for environmental pollution monitoring. 1st ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp201-239.
[30]. Kazemzade, Majid. Malekiyan, Arash, Rasulzade, Ali, 2013, River flow trend analysis based on the parametric and nonparametric approaches in Ardebil province. Journal of Earth Science Researches. Vol 4,ppt51-63.
اکوهیدرولوژی
دوره 4، شماره 2
تیر 1396
صفحه 379-393

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 آبان 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 بهمن 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 بهمن 1395

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار