بررسی رابطه زمانی خشکسالی هواشناسی و هیدرولوژیکی در حوزه آبریز کرخه

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی‏ ارشد هواشناسی کشاورزی، دانشکدۀ کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان

2 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان

3 استادیار، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه سمنان

چکیده

خشکسالی از جمله بلایای طبیعی است که به‌شدت تحت تأثیر نوسانات اقلیمی است و مجموعه‏ای از مشکلات پیچیده را در بخش‏های مختلف ایجاد می‏کند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطۀ زمانی خشکسالی هواشناسی و هیدرولوژیکی در حوضۀ آبریز کرخه است. برای رسیدن به این هدف، از آمار 26 ایستگاه باران‏‏سنج و هشت ایستگاه هیدرومتری استفاده شد. در بخشی از تحقیق برای آگاهی از تأخیر جریان‏ها نسبت به بارش‏ها در حالت واقعی، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بین بارش و دبی جریان با تأخیرهای زمانی مختلف محاسبه شد. سپس دو شاخص بارش استانداردشده (SPI) و شاخص خشکسالی جریانات رودخانه‏ای (SDI) به‏ترتیب برای ارزیابی خشکسالی هواشناسی و هیدرولوژیکی انتخاب شدند. مقادیر شاخص‏ها در گام زمانی کوتاه‌مدت (یک‌ماهه و سه‌ماهه)، میان‏مدت (شش‌ماهه) و بلندمدت (12‌ماهه) در نرم‌افزار DrinC محاسبه شد. همچنین ضریب همبستگی بین دو شاخص SPI و SDI در کل حوضه و دو زیر‌حوضۀ قره‏سو و گاماسیاب بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد بین ضریب همبستگی بارش‌ـ دبی جریان و دو شاخص SPI-SDI در چهار گام زمانی رابطۀ مستقیم و معنا‏داری در سطح 99 درصد وجود دارد. هر چند در هر چهار گام زمانی (کوتاه‌مدت، میان‌مدت و بلندمدت) ضریب همبستگی از سطح معنا‏داری برخوردار است؛ مقدار ضریب همبستگی در حالت بدون تأخیر زمانی نسبت به سایر موارد با تأخیر زمانی بیشتر است. بنابراین، می‏توان نتیجه گرفت که خشکسالی هیدرولوژیکی با تأخیر زمانی خیلی کوتاه در حوضۀ آبریز کرخه پس از خشکسالی هواشناسی رخ می‏دهد. همچنین به‏دلیل همسویی ضرایب همبستگی و عدم تأخیر زمانی در هر دو حالت، دو شاخص یادشده به‌خوبی شرایط خشکسالی هواشناسی و هیدرولوژیکی را نشان می‏دهند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of relationship between meteorological and hydrological drought in Karkheh watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Razieh Koushki 1
  • Mohammad Rahimi 2
  • Mojtaba Amiri 3
  • Majid Mohammadi 3
  • Jafar Dastorani 3
1 MSc. Graduate of Agricultural Meteorology, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University
3 Assistant Professor, Department of agricultural Meteorology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Semnan University
چکیده [English]

Drought is one of the natural disasters which is strongly influenced by climatic fluctuations and makes a set of complex problems in various parts. The current study aims for investigation of time relationship between meteorological and hydrological drought in Karkhe catchment. For this purpose, 26 rain gauge stations and 8 gauging stations were used. In part of research, for understanding delay trends in comparison with precipitation in reality, Pearson correlation coefficient between precipitation and discharge was calculated with different time delays. Two indices (SPI and SDI index) were selected for examining Meteorological drought and hydrological drought. Index values in short term step (1 to 3 months), medium-term (6 months) and long term (12 months) was calculated by DrinC software. The results showed that there is 99% direct significant correlation between precipitation-discharge and two SPI-SDI indices in four steps of time. However, the correlation coefficient is significant for any four time steps, but the value of correlation coefficient  has more delay time in a mood with no delay time compared to other cases. Therefore, we can conclude that drought occurs simultaneously in the catchment Karkhe meteorologically and hydrologically. Also, due to the lack of consistent correlation coefficients and delay time in both cases, two aforementioned indices properly show drought conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought meteorological
  • drought hydrological
  • correlation Pearson
  • basin Karkhe
 
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