ارزیابی تأثیرات اقتصادی و هیدرولوژیکی تغییرات اقلیم در حوضۀ آبخیز خررود

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور تهران

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در مطالعۀ حاضر ابتدا الگوی رفتاری متغیر اقلیمی بارش طی دورۀ 1365‌ـ 1393 در سطح حوضۀ‏ آبخیز خررود بررسی شد. سپس از یک سیستم مدل‏سازی بیوفیزیکی- اقتصادی برای ارزیابی تأثیر تغییرات اقلیم ناشی از کاهش بارش بر متغیرهای هیدرولوژیکی (منابع آب در دسترس و ارزش واقعی نهادۀ آب آبیاری) و اقتصادی (تولیدات کشاورزی و سود ناخالص کشاورزان) تحت سناریوهای مختلف (تغییر اقلیم ملایم، متوسط و شدید) استفاده شد. سیستم مدل‏سازی یادشده، شامل تابع عملکرد محصولات مبتنی بر میزان بارش (جزء بیوفیزیکی مدل) و رهیافت برنامه‏ریزی ریاضی اثباتی (جزء اقتصادی مدل) بود که طی سه مرحلۀ پیاپی در محیط نرم‏افزاری GAMS 24.1 حل شد. داده‏های مورد نیاز از طریق ایستگاه‏های باران‏سنجی و اداره‌های ذی‌ربط در استان قزوین جمع‏آوری شد. الگوی رفتاری بارش نشان داد این متغیر اقلیمی پس از سال 1380 در سطح حوضۀ آبخیز خررود روندی کاهشی را طی کرده است. نتایج مدل نشان داد تغییرات اقلیم ناشی از کاهش بارش تحت سناریوهای ملایم تا شدید به کاهش 3/11 تا 0/23 درصد در منابع آب در دسترس، افزایش 08/7 تا 22/15 درصد در ارزش اقتصادی آب آبیاری، کاهش 14/5 تا 39/16 درصد در مجموع سطح زیر کشت محصولات آبی و کاهش 58/6 تا 41/13 درصد در سود ناخالص کشاورزان حوضۀ‏ آبخیز خررود نسبت به شرایط سال مبنا یا پایه منجر شده است. بیشترین کاهش منابع آب در دسترس نیز تحت سناریوی تغییر اقلیم شدید و به میزان 15/29 میلیون مترمکعب حاصل شد. در پایان برای مقابله با آثار تغییر اقلیم و حفاظت از منابع آب در سطح این حوضۀ آبخیز، به‏کارگیری تکنیک‏های کم‏آبیاری، تعیین نرخ آب‏بها برای کشاورزان بر اساس ملاحظۀ برابری، آیش‏گذاری اراضی و ارائۀ تسهیلات به کشاورزان برای تجهیز مزارع به سیستم‏های نوین آبیاری پیشنهاد شد.
 
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the economic and hydrological effects of the climate change on Kharrood Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abozar Parhizkari 1
  • Saeed Yazdani 2
1 PhD Student of Agricultural Economics, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor of Agricultural Economics, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

In the present study, first the behavioral patterns of precipitation climatic variable over the period 1985-2014 in Kharrood watershed was investigated. Then, in order to analyze the effects of climate change resulting from reduced rainfall under different scenarios (i.e. mild, moderate and severe) on hydrological (available water resources and economic value of irrigation water) and economic (agricultural products and farmers’ gross profit) variables, a biophysical-economic modeling system was used. The aforementioned modeling system includes the products yield function based on rainfall (biophysical part of model) and positive mathematical programming approach (economic part of model) solved in consecutive three stages and in the GAMS 24.1 software. The required data were collected referring to the rain gauge stations and the relevant agencies in Qazvin province. Behavioral pattern of precipitation showed that this climate variable reduced in Kharrood watershed after year 2001. The results of proposed model showed that climate change resulting from reduced rainfall under mild to severe scenarios decreases the available water resources from 11/3 to 23/0 %, increases the economic value of irrigation water from 7/08 to 15/22 %, decreases the total acreage of water crops from 5/14 to 16/39 % and decreases the farmers’ gross profit from 6/58 to 13/41 % compared to the base year. The highest decrease of the available water resources in Kharrod watershed was obtained under severe scenarios and at a rate of 15/29 million cubic meters. Finally, use of deficit irrigation techniques, determination of the rate of water charge for farmers on the basis of equality consideration, fallow-lands and provision of facilities to farmers in order to equip their lands with new irrigation systems were proposed in order to deal with the effects of climate change and protect water resources in this watershed.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Behavioral pattern of precipitation
  • climate change
  • hydrological variables
  • sustainability of water resources
  • biophysical-economic model
منابع
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