ارزیابی ویژگی‏ های هیدروشیمیایی و کیفیت آب چشمه‏ ها و چاه‏ های محدودۀ دریاچۀ زریوار

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه مهندسی مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی ویژگی‏های فیزیکوشیمیایی، هیدروژئوشیمیایی، رخساره‏های هیدروشیمیایی، تعادل ترمودینامیکی، مکانیسم‌های کنترل‌کنندۀ وضعیت شیمیایی آب هفت چشمه و 15 چاه محدودۀ دریاچۀ زریوار بر اساس 15 متغیر کیفیت آب طی سال‌های 1377 تا 1392 و همچنین مقایسۀ کیفیت آب چشمه‏ها و چاه‌ها و تغییرات فصلی آنها انجام شد. تحلیل‏ها و مقایسات آماری بر اساس نمودارهای پایپر، شولر، دورو، لودویگ-لنگلایر، ویلکوکس و گیبس، نسبت‌های یونی مختلف، شاخص‏های اشباع و آزمون‏های ویلکاکسون و من-ویتنی انجام گرفت. یون‌های فراوان شامل بی‌کربنات، کلسیم و منیزیم است که دلیل آن انحلال سنگ‌های کربناته در منطقۀ تغذیۀ آب‌های زیرزمینی است. نسبت کلسیم به منیزیم در آب همۀ چشمه‏ها و چاه‌ها به‌دلیل انحلال کانی‏های سیلیکاته بین دو تا نُه، سختی آب بیشتر از 300 میلی‏گرم در لیتر کربنات کلسیم یا به‌بیانی خیلی سخت بود. دو رخسارۀ هیدروشیمیایی اصلی شامل کلسیم- منیزیم- بی‌کربنات و کلسیم- منیزیم- بی‌کربنات- سولفات بود که نتیجۀ فرایندهای تغییردهندۀ شیمی آب طی مسیر جریان و سنگ‏شناسی تشکیلات زمین‏شناسی زیرین منطقه است. نسبت‌های یونی Mg/Ca در برابر Cl و نمودارهای گیبس بیان می‌کند که اهمیت فراوان مکانیسم‏های تعامل سنگ و آب، تبادل کاتیونی و انحلال کانی‏های کربنات و سیلیکات در تعیین کیفیت شیمیایی آب چشمه‏ها و چاه‌های منطقه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of hydrochemical characteristics and water quality of springs and wells in Zarivar Lake zone

نویسنده [English]

  • Shirko Ebrahimi Mohammadi
Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was done to investigate the physicochemical and hydrogeochemical properties, hydrochemical features, thermodynamic equilibrium, controlling mechanisms of 7 springs and 15 wells water chemistry in Zarivar Lake in Kurdistan province by the 15 water quality data variables from 1998 to 2013 and also compare the quality of water in springs and wells and their seasonal variation. Piper, Schoeller, Durov, Ludwig-Langelier, Wilcox and Gibbs diagrams, calculating different ionic ratios, saturation indices, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used. Abundant ions are bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium, and the dissolution of carbonate rocks in the ground water recharge area caused to increase them. The ratio of Ca/Mg in all springs and wells duo to dissolution of silicate minerals are between 2 and 9. Total hardness is greater than 300 mg/l based on CaHCO3 or very hard water. Two main hydrochemical facies are Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 that are the result of changing water chemistry processes along the flow path and lithology of underlying geological formation. Ion ratios of Mg/Ca to Cl and Gibbs diagram showed the dominant mechanisms of interaction between rock and water, cation exchange and dissolution of carbonate and silicate minerals in determination of the chemical quality of springs and wells water.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater
  • Saturation index
  • Gibbs
  • Ion ratio
  • Marivan
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