طراحی و ساخت شبیه ساز باران قابل حمل

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه منابع طبیعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه

2 دانشیار، پژوهشکدۀ حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

چکیده

شبیه‏سازی باران یکی از روش‏های مهم برای اندازه‏گیری فرایندهای هیدرولوژیکی و فرسایش خاک است. ارزیابی سریع و قابلیت تکرار زیاد از مزایای استفاده از شبیه‏ساز باران است. شبیه‏ساز ساخته‌شده به وزن تقریبی 20 کیلوگرم قابلیت شبیه‏سازی باران با شدت‏های 8/2 تا 5/9 سانتی‏متر بر ساعت در سطح کرت آزمایشی با مساحت یک تا سه مترمربع را دارد. اندازه‏گیری قطر قطرات از روش‏های گلولۀ آردی و لکۀ رنگی به‏دست آمد. روش گلولۀ آردی به‌دلیل بیشتربودن ضریب تبیین انتخاب و نتایج آن ‌بررسی شد. بیشترین ضریب یکنواختی (6/96 درصد) مربوط به شدت 3/8 سانتی‏متر بر ساعت و کمترین ضریب (6/90 درصد) مربوط به شدت 5/9 سانتی‏متر بر ساعت به‏دست آمد که بیشتر از حد قابل قبول است. دامنۀ قطر متوسط قطرات از 97/0 میلی‏متر در شدت 8/2 سانتی‏متر بر ساعت تا 22/1 میلی‏متر در 1/7 سانتی‏متر بر ساعت تغییر می‏کند که در محدودۀ باران‏های طبیعی قرار دارد. همچنین، دامنۀ تغییرات سرعت از 58/3 تا 21/4 متر بر ثانیه است. با توجه به مجموعه ویژگی‏های یادشده یک شبیه‏ساز باران قابل حمل بسیار مناسب با دقت قابل قبول برای مطالعات رواناب، نفوذپذیری، فرسایش و رسوب در صحرا ساخته شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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دوره 5، شماره 1
فروردین 1397
صفحه 229-239
  • تاریخ دریافت: 31 مرداد 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 شهریور 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 14 دی 1396
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 فروردین 1397
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1397