مقایسۀ خصوصیات واکنشی و بیلان حجمی آب در سه روش هیدروگراف واحد (مطالعۀ موردی: حوضۀ آبخیز ونک)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 استادیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 استادیار، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

هیدروگراف واحد، یک روش شبیه‏سازی سیلاب در پاسخ به یک واحد بارش مازاد روی کل حوضۀ آبخیز است که بر پایۀ اصول سیستمی انطباق و تناسب عمل می‏کند. روش‏های متفاوتی از هیدروگراف واحد ارائه شده است که عملکرد آنها در شرایط محلی حوضه‏های آبخیز متفاوت است. در این تحقیق به‌منظور مقایسۀ عملکرد این روش‏ها با استفاده از مدل هیدرولوژیکی HEC-HMS و با اعمال روش احتساب‌کنندۀ رطوبت خاک (SMA) و روش مخزن خطی به‌ترتیب برای محاسبۀ میزان تلفات و جریان پایۀ حوضه، هیدروگراف سیلاب و مشخصات آب‌نمود سیل شامل دبی اوج و حجم رواناب با استفاده از سه روش هیدروگراف واحد اشنایدر، کلارک و SCS شبیه‏سازی شد. برای مقایسۀ کارایی مدل‏ها، ضریب کارایی نش– ساتکلیف به عنوان تابع هدف در نظر گرفته شد. پارامترهای هیدرولوژیکی مدل به صورت دستی و با استفاده از روش سعی و خطا ارزیابی و واسنجی شد. نتایج نشان داد درصد اختلاف بین حجم رواناب مشاهداتی و شبیه‏سازی‌شده در هر سه روش کاملاً نزدیک بود. در حالی که از نظر دبی اوج، روش هیدروگراف واحد کلارک با ضریب کارایی نش– ساتکلیف 68/0 کمترین میزان درصد اختلاف بین دبی اوج مشاهداتی و شبیه‏سازی‌شده را نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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دوره 5، شماره 2
تیر 1397
صفحه 373-385
  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 اردیبهشت 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 07 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 16 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 تیر 1397
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1397