ارزیابی آلودگی نیترات آب زیرزمینی بر اساس روش مؤلفه ‏های اصلی و تحلیل عاملی (مطالعۀ موردی: آبخوان دشت کرج)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، دانشکدۀ علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدۀ علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

نیترات از مهم‏ترین آلاینده‏هایی است که بیشتر آبخوان‏ها، ازجمله آبخوان کرج، از آن آسیب می‏بینند. از آنجا ‏که روش معمول برای بررسی فرایندهای هیدروژئوشیمیایی در آبخوان، به‏صورت گرافیکی است، به‏منظور ارزیابی آلودگی نیترات در داده‏های کیفی 86 چاه در آبخوان کرج طی سال 2013، از روش‏های چندمتغیرۀ آماری به‏عنوان یک روش تکمیلی برای درک عوامل مؤثر بر کیفیت آب‏های زیرزمینی، شناسایی آلودگی و طبقه‏بندی نمونه‏های مشابه استفاده شد. به این منظور، از نرم‏افزار XLSTAT برای مطالعۀ آلودگی نیترات و ارتباط آن با سایر پارامترهای شیمیایی آب و عوامل مؤثر بر آن بهره گرفته شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری نشان می‏دهد خوشه‏بندی سلسله‌مراتبی به استخراج سه خوشه منجر شده است. نمونه‏های دوم و سوم خوشه غلظت بیشتری از نیترات نسبت به گروه نخست دارد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تحلیل عوامل اصلی (PCA) همچنین نشان می‏دهد پارامتر نیترات بیشترین همبستگی با کلر و کمترین همبستگی با سدیم و سولفات را دارد. از سوی دیگر، بر اساس چرخش واریماکس، عوامل اصلی کیفیت آبخوان به دو عامل خلاصه شدند. عامل ژئوژنیک (زمین‌زاد)، نخستین عاملی است که به علت اثر مواد تشکیل‏دهندۀ آبخوان به وجود می‌آید و دومین عامل، یک عامل انسان‏زاد است که به علت فعالیت‏های انسانی، به‏خصوص فاضلاب تشکیل می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Groundwater Nitrate Pollution Based on Main Components and Factor Analysis (Case Study: Karaj Plain Aquifer)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Manuchehr Chitsazan 1
  • Mehdi Eilbeigy 2
  • Mahmood Mohammad Rezapour Tabari 3
1 Professor, Faculty of Earth Sience, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahwaz, Iran
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Earth Science, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahwaz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering, University of Shahrkord, Shahrkord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nitrate is one of the most significant pollutants that most aquifers, including the Karaj aquifer, have suffered from it. Because the conventional method to investigate the hydrogeochemical processes in the aquifer is graphical ones, in order to evaluate the pollution of nitrate in the qualitative data of 86 wells in Karaj aquifer in 2013, the multivariate statistical methods has been carried out as a complementary method for understanding the factors affecting groundwater quality, pollution identification and classification of similar samples. In this regard, XLSTAT software is used to study the pollution of nitrate and its relationship to other chemical parameters of water, and the factors influencing it. The statistical analysis indicates that hierarchal clustering has led to the extraction of three clusters. The second and the third cluster samples have a higher concentration of nitrate than the first one. The results, based on the principal components analysis (PCA), also show that the nitrate parameter has the highest correlation with chlorine and the least adaptation with sodium and sulfate. On the other hand, based on the varimax rotation, the main components were summed up to two components. The first one is a geogenic factor, which is due to the effect of the material that forms aquifer and second is an anthropogenic factor that is due to human actions, especially sewage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater
  • Nitrate
  • factor analysis
  • Clustering
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