ارزیابی سیستم‌های مختلف سرمایش گلخانه در اقلیم‌های متنوع ایران با توجه به کاهش منابع آب

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدۀ انرژی، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف تهران

2 استادیار، دانشکدۀ مکانیک، دانشگاه شیراز

3 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ علوم و فنون نوین دانشگاه تهران

4 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدۀ علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارائۀ چارچوبی است که فنی-اقتصادی‏ترین سیستم سرمایش را با توجه به اقلیم‏های مختلف آب و هوایی ایران، قیمت حامل‏های آب و انرژی، و شرایط کشت مناسب محصول بر‏گزیند. همچنین، سیاست‏گذار را قادر ‏سازد تا به‏گونه‏ای قیمت آب را تعیین کند تا کشاورز کم‏مصرف‏ترین سیستم سرمایش را از نظر مصرف آب برای گلخانه برگزیند. سه نوع مختلف سیستم سرمایش شامل سیستم‏های فن و پد تبخیری، انبساط مستقیم و چیلر جذبی برای پنج اقلیم آب و هوایی متنوع ایران ارزیابی شده است. ارزیابی در سه سناریو صورت می‏گیرد که در آن سناریوهای نخست و دوم تمام سیستم‏های سرمایش را تحت قیمت‏های فعلی و واقعی آب بررسی می‏کند، در حالی ‏که سناریوی سوم قیمت بهینۀ آب را به‏گونه‏ای اختیار می‏کند که سیستم سرمایش با کمینۀ مصرف آب انتخاب شود. نتایج نشان می‏دهد سیستم سرمایش فن و پد که قبلاً باور بر این بود که فنی-اقتصادی‏ترین سیستم سرمایش برای گلخانه‏های ایران است، در حقیقت فنی-اقتصادی‏ترین سیستم سرمایش برای تمام اقلیم‏های آب و هوایی ایران نیست و سیستم سرمایش انبساط مستقیم (تراکمی) با میانگین هزینۀ معادل سرمایش 0427/0 و 2733/0 دلار بر کیلو‏وات ساعت سرمایش در مقابل 0510/0 و 8264/0 دلار بر کیلو‏وات ساعت سرمایش میانگین هزینه معادل سرمایش سیستم سرمایش فن و پد، به‌ترتیب در سناریو‏های اول و دوم برتری یافته است. درنهایت، سناریوی سوم این‏گونه پیشنهاد می‏کند که با افزایش 4/17 درصدی قیمت آب، کشاورز متقاعد خواهد شد تا در سراسر اقلیم‏های آب و هوایی ایران، سیستم سرمایشی‏ای انتخاب کند که کمترین میزان مصرف آب را دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating Different Greenhouse Cooling Systems in Various Climate Zones of Iran Considering Water Scarcity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tohid Jafarinejad 1
  • Amir Hossein Fathi 2
  • Hossein Yousefi 3
  • Kianoush Choubineh 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Renewable Energies and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 PhD Student, Department of Renewable Energies and Environment, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This paper aims to develop a profound framework that opts for the most techno-economic cooling system considering different climate zones of Iran, water and energy carrier prices, and the crop’s cultivation conditions. Furthermore, it enables policy makers to come up with a water price to persuade the farmer to choose the least water consuming cooling system for the greenhouse. Three different cooling systems of fan and pad, direct expansion and absorption chiller are evaluated for five various climate zones of Iran. The evaluation takes place in three scenarios in which the first and second scenarios assesses all three cooling systems under the current and real price of water, while the third scenario obtains the optimal price of water that the cooling system get selected based on the least water consumption. Results show that the fan and pad cooling system, formerly believed to be the most economic one, is actually not the most techno-economic system for all climate zones of Iran but, the direct expansion system with the mean equivalent cooling cost of 0.0427 and 0.2733 $/kWh merits over the fan and pad system with the mean equivalent cooling cost of 0.051 and 0.8264 $/kWh in first and second scenario respectively. Finally, the third scenario suggests the policy makers should increase the water price by 17.4% so that the farmer is persuaded to select the most water conservative cooling system in all the climate zones of Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Greenhouse
  • Water conservation
  • Cooling system
  • Water policy
  • Water-energy-food nexus
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