ارزیابی شاخص راندمان ذخیرۀ آب در ایران و عراق در تجارت آب مجازی با ترکیه

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی منابع آب، پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران

4 استاد دانشگاه دجله- ترکیه

چکیده

واردات محصولات کشاورزی می‏تواند یکی از استراتژی‏های کارآمد برای ذخیرۀ آب در ایران و عراق باشد. بنابراین، تجارت آب مجازی به کاهش فشار بر منابع آب در این دو کشور منجر خواهد شد. در پژوهش حاضر دو استان الازیگ و دیاربکر که سرچشمۀ ‌رودهای مهم دجله و فرات در کشور ترکیه هستند، به عنوان مبدأ تجارت آب مجازی از ترکیه به ایران و عراق انتخاب شده است. در مطالعۀ حاضر، میزان تجارت آب مجازی از استان یادشده به روش جریان‏ تجارت کالا به کشورهای ایران و عراق طی دورۀ 2015-2018 بررسی شده است. پژوهش حاضر با ارائۀ شاخص راندمان ذخیرۀ آب نشان ‏داد واردات گندم و عدس به‌ترتیب به طور متوسط 2/3 و 1/2 منابع آب در ایران و 1/3 و 0/2 منابع آب در عراق ذخیره می‌کند. از سوی دیگر، مصرف آب در بالادست حوضه برای تولید محصولات کشاورزی به مشکلات زیست‏محیطی در پایین‏دست حوضه منجر شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می‏دهد گرچه واردات محصولات از ترکیه به ایران و عراق موجب ذخیرۀ منابع آب در این دو کشور خواهد شد، با توجه به حوضۀ مشترک دجله و فرات، سیاست‏های تجاری باید براساس ذخیره‏سازی آب در کل حوضه شکل گیرند. رویکرد ارائه‌شده در مطالعۀ حاضر می‏تواند سبب بهبود سیاست‏های تجاری در منطقه و توجه به آثار این تجارت‏ها بر منابع آب و محیط ‏زیست شود و همچنین به شکل‏گیری سیاست‏های تجاری براساس ذخیره‏سازی منابع آب از طریق تبادل آب مجازی در جهان منجر شود.

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دوره 6، شماره 4
دی 1398
صفحه 1015-1027
  • تاریخ دریافت: 31 اردیبهشت 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 شهریور 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 شهریور 1398
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 دی 1398
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1398