توسعۀ مدل عامل‌بنیان به منظور شبیه‌سازی رفتار بهره‌برداران بخش کشاورزی در مدیریت آب و اراضی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران‌

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران‌

3 استادیار گروه سیستم‏های مهندسی و خدمات، دانشکدۀ تکنولوژی، سیاست و مدیریت، دانشگاه تکنولوژی دلفت، دلفت، هلند‌

4 استاد گروه مدیریت آب، دانشکدۀ سیستم‏های یکپارچۀ آب و حکمرانی، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات آب یونسکو، دلفت، هلند‌، استاد گروه مدیریت آب، دانشکدۀ مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تکنولوژی دلفت، دلفت، هلند‌

5 استاد گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

6 دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران‌

چکیده

با توجه به تأثیرات اجتماعی و تفاوت‏های موجود در بخش‏های مختلف سیستم، در نظر نگرفتن ویژگی‏ها و رفتارهای اجتماعی بهره‏برداران و توجه صرف به مدیریت همگن و بالا-پایین، رویکرد موفقی در مدیریت پایدار منابع آب نخواهد بود. مدل‏سازی‏ عامل‏بنیان (Agent-Based Model)، رویکرد تقریباً نوینی است که به دلیل لحاظ کردن این تفاوت‏ها، در زمینۀ مدیریت منابع آب و اراضی امکانات مفیدی را در تحلیل رفتارهای اجتماعی و مدیریت مؤثر و پایدار منابع ارائه می‏کند. در تحقیق حاضر، سعی شده است تا ویژگی‏های رفتاری و محیطی عوامل تصمیم‏گیرنده در خصوص بهره‏برداری آب در بخش کشاورزی، با ارائۀ یک چارچوب مفهومی و توسعۀ مدل عامل‏بنیان شبیه‏سازی شود. به این منظور، برای تدوین مدل مفهومی و فراهم کردن امکان شبیه‏سازی و تحلیل رفتاری عوامل بهره‏بردار (برای تعیین الگوی کشت، روش آبیاری و به تبع آن، میزان آب برداشتی در سه سطح دولت، سازمانی و کشاورزان)، از چارچوب تحلیل و توسعۀ نهادی MAIA استفاده شده است. بر این اساس، مدل عامل‏بنیان در یک حوضۀ پایلوت در کشور (حوضۀ آبخیز حبله‏رود) کدنویسی، صحت‏سنجی، واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی شد. این مدل، در شبیه‌سازی وضعیت حوضه شامل تغییرات جریان آب سطحی، الگو و سطح اراضی زراعی و باغی و برداشت از منابع آب زیرزمینی در دورۀ تاریخی 1982ـ 2013 عملکرد مناسبی داشته است. درضمن، برای بررسی تأثیر سیاست‏های حفاظتی دستگاه‏های دولتی بر شرایط حوضۀ آبخیز، سناریوهای دریافت و افزایش آب‌‏بها در مدل تعریف شده و نتایج بررسی شد (کاهش برداشت آب بین 8 تا 32 میلیون‏مترمکعب صرفه‏جویی در برداشت آب تحت سناریوهای هزار تا ده‏هزار ریال تعرفۀ آب‏بها).

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Development of an Agent-Based Model to simulate the behavior of Agricultural Users in Water and Land Management

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Shima Pooralihossein 1
  • Majid Delavar 2
  • Amineh Ghorbani 3
  • Pieter Van Derzaag 4
  • Saeed Morid 5
  • Enayat Abbasi 6
1 PhD Student, Water Resources Engineering Group, Agriculture Dept., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Water Resources Engineering Group, Agriculture Dept., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Engineering Systems and Services Group, Technology, Policy and Management Dept., Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
4 Professor, Water Management Group, Integrated Water Systems and Governance Dept., IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands Professor, Water Management Group, Civil Engineering Dept., Delft University of Technology,
5 Professor, Water Resources Engineering Group, Agriculture Dept., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
6 Associate Professor, Agricultural Promotion and Education Group, Agriculture Dept., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Since there are various social factors and differences between different sectors of the system, ignoring water users’ attributes and their social behavior as well as considering only the homogeneous and up-down management scheme, would not be a successful approach in sustainable water management. Agent-Based Modeling is a relatively new approach that provides helpful tools to simulate social behaviors in sustainable water management. In this study, the agriculture sector’s water use is simulated using a conceptual framework and an Agent-Based Model to study the behavior of the decision-making agents. Therefore, to prepare the conceptual model and to simulate and analyze the social behavior of water users (in three decision levels of the Government, local organizations, and farmers) to decide on the cropping pattern, the irrigation method, and consequently the water withdrawal volume, the MAIA framework has been applied. In this regard, the Agent-Based Model for a pilot study area (the Hablehroud River basin, Iran) was coded, verified, calibrated, and validated. This model had a good performance in simulating the basin’s conditions, including cropping patterns and areas, and therefore the stream flow and groundwater use. Furthermore, to assess the impacts of the government’s water conservation policies on the hydrologic conditions, different scenarios of taking and increasing water costs were defined and modeled (one to ten thousand IRR per cm of water use led to a decrease in the total water withdrawals in the range of 8-32 million cubic meters per year).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agent-Based Model
  • MAIA framework
  • Decision-making
  • the Hablehroud River basin

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اکوهیدرولوژی
دوره 7، شماره 2
تیر 1399
صفحه 421-435

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 مرداد 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 اردیبهشت 1399

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