مدل ‏سازی تأثیر خصوصیات بیوفیزیکی و توپوگرافی سطح بر توزیع مکانی رطوبت خاک در تابستان (مطالعۀ موردی: حوضۀ آبخیز بالخلی ‏چای)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان؛ کارشناس، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

2 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان

3 استاد، گروه سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکدۀ جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

4 استاد، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل

چکیده

استفاده از داده‏های ماهواره‏ای برای برآورد سریع رطوبت خاک و تعیین عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر آن، در سال‏های اخیر توسعه یافته است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر خصوصیات بیوفیزیکی و توپوگرافی سطح بر توزیع مکانی رطوبت خاک در تابستان بود. به این منظور، رطوبت خاک در 148 نقطه در حوضۀ آبخیز بالخلی‏چای در استان اردبیل اندازه‏گیری شد و از روش مثلثی مبتنی بر سنجش از دور بر مبنای مدل رقومی ارتفاع ASTER، نقشۀ پوشش زمین و داده‏های اقلیمی برای مدل‏سازی رطوبت خاک استفاده شد. خصوصیات بیوفیزیکی سطح از جمله نمناکی، سبزینگی، روشنایی، و دمای سطح زمین و متغیرهای توپوگرافی (زاویۀ محلی فرود خورشید، ارتفاع، درجه و جهت شیب) محاسبه شدند. خطای مدل در ماه‏های مختلف با استفاده از آماره‏های خطا تعیین شد. بر اساس نتایج، مقدار میانگین رطوبت خاک در منطقه در ماه‌های تیر، مرداد و شهریور به‏ترتیب 67/4، 22/6 و 66/4 درصد حجمی بود. ضریب تبیین (R2) و ریشۀ میانگین مربعات خطا (RMSE) بین رطوبت خاک برآوردی و اندازه‏گیری‌شده در شهریورماه کمترین مقدار (به‏ترتیب 78/0 و 44/1) را داشت. قوی‏ترین رابطۀ خطی بین رطوبت خاک و متغیرهای بیوفیزیکی (توپوگرافی) در تیرماه (به‏ترتیب با R2و RMSE برابر با 53/0 و 29/0) بود. با افزایش دمای سطح و روشنایی، رطوبت خاک کاهش یافت. با این‌حال، افزایش مقدار سبزینگی، نمناکی، ارتفاع و زاویۀ محلی فرود خورشید سبب افزایش مقدار رطوبت خاک شد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد از مدل مثلثی می‏توان برای بررسی توزیع مکانی رطوبت خاک با استفاده از خصوصیات بیوفیزیکی و توپوگرافی سطح بهره گرفت. استفاده از نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‏تواند در بهبود دقت مدل‏سازی رطوبت برای استفاده در کاربردهای مختلف از جمله مدیریت آبیاری، پیش‏بینی رواناب و کشاورزی دقیق بسیار مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Modeling the Influence of Biophysical Properties and Surface Topography on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Moisture in the Summer: A Case Study of Balikhli-Chay Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Solmaz Fathololoumi 1
  • Ali Reza Vaezi 2
  • Seyed Kazem Alavipanah 3
  • Ardavan Ghorbani 4
1 PhD Student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran Expert, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardebili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Remote Sensing & GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran
4 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardebili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

The use of satellite data for rapid estimation of soil moisture (SM) and determination of environmental factors affecting it has been developed in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biophysical and topographic characteristics on spatial distribution of SM in the summer. For this purpose, SM was measured at 148 points in Balikhli-Chay watershed in Ardabil province and triangular method based on ASTER digital elevation model, land cover map and climatic data was applied for SM modeling. Surface biophysical properties including wetness, greenness, brightness, and land surface temperature and topographic variables (solar local incidence angle, elevation, slope, and aspect) were calculated. Model error in different months was determined using error statistics. According to the results, the average SM content in the region in July, August and September were 4.67, 6.22 and 4.66%, respectively. The lowest coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) of estimated and measured SM were related to September (0.78 and 1.44, respectively). The strongest linear relationship between SM and biophysical variables (topography) was related to July (with R2 and RMSE equal to 0.53 and 0.29, respectively). SM decreased with increasing land surface temperature and brightness, however increasing greenness, wetness, elevation and solar local incidence angle increased SM content. This study showed that the triangular model can be used to investigate the spatial distribution of SM using biophysical and surface topographic properties. Using the results of the present study can be very useful in improving the accuracy of SM modeling for various applications such as irrigation management, run-off prediction and precision agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biophysical characteristics
  • Landsat 8
  • Land surface temperature
  • Solar local Incidence angle
  • Topographic properties
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