بررسی نیاز آبی گونه ‏های زبان‌گنجشک (Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill) و توت نرک (Morus alba) تحت تنش ‏های مختلف آبی در منطقۀ ‏خشک (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر رباط‏کریم)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم زیستی جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانش ‏آموختۀ دکتری علوم جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 استاد، گروه آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

در محیط‏های کم‌باران که درگیر خشکسالی هستند، حفاظت و توسعۀ پوشش گیاهی و فضای سبز با چالش‏های کم‏آبی و یا بی‏آبی رو‌به‌رو است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، مقایسۀ نیاز آبی گونه‏‏های زبان‏گنجشک و توت نرک به عنوان گونه‏های استفاده‌شده در فضای باز و گلخانه در شهر رباط‏کریم، واقع در جنوب غربی استان تهران است. پژوهش پیش رو در دو محیط گلخانه و عرصه صورت گرفته و نهال‏ها از دو گونۀ درختی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در عرصه و در داخل گلدان کاشته شدند. پژوهش حاضر دارای دو مرحله است و هر مرحله شامل چندین فاز است. نتایج نشان داد در گونه‏ها‏ی زبان‏گنجشک و توت نرک، سریع‏ترین زمان رسیدن به نقطۀ حد مجاز کاهش رطوبت به‏ترتیب 4 روز (از 6 تا 9 تیر) و 4 روز (از 6 تا 9 تیر، 10 تا 13 تیر و 29 تیر تا 1 مرداد) در گلخانه و سریع‏ترین زمان رسیدن به نقطۀ حد مجاز کاهش رطوبت به‌ترتیب 7 روز (از 9 تا 15 تیرماه و 9 تا 15 امرداد) و 9 روز (از 12 تا 20 خرداد، 1 تا 9 تیر و 2 تا 10 شهریور) در عرصهاست. بیشترین رطوبت مصرفی استفاده‌شدۀ نهال زبان‏گنجشک در گلخانه و طی ماه‏های مختلف در روز 11 تا 12 تیرماه برابر با 3/19 درصد رطوبت حجمی؛ 6/15 درصد رطوبت وزنی یا 6/38 میلی‏متر بوده است. در حالی ‏که بیشترین رطوبت مصرفی استفاده‌شدۀ نهال توت نرک در گلخانه و طی ماه‏های مختلف در روز 6 تا 7 تیرماه برابر با 8/12 درصد رطوبت حجمی؛ 83/9 درصد رطوبت وزنی یا 32 میلی‏متر بوده است. بیشترین رطوبت مصرفی استفاده‌شدۀ نهال زبان‏گنجشک در عرصه و طی ماه‏های مختلف در روز 1 تا 2 تیرماه برابر با 2/6 درصد رطوبت حجمی یا 3/4 درصد رطوبت وزنی بوده است، در حالی ‏که بیشترین رطوبت مصرفی استفاده‌شدۀ نهال توت نرک در عرصه و طی ماه‏های مختلف در روز 18 تا 19 مردادماه برابر با 75/3 درصد رطوبت حجمی یا 7/2 درصد رطوبت وزنی بوده است. به‏طور کلی، نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد زبان‏گنجشک و توت نرک بر حسب شدت نیاز آبی و دور آبیاری از زیاد به کم در عرصه و گلخانه طبقه‏بندی می‏شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Water Requirement of Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill and Morus alba under Different Water Stresses in Arid Region (Case Studty: Robat Karim City)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Asgari 1
  • Mohsen Javanmiri Pour 2
  • Vahid Etemad 3
  • Abdolmajid Liaghat 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Forest Biological Sciences, University of Tehran, Faculty of Natural Resources
2 Ph.D. Gratuated, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran
4 Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran
چکیده [English]

In arid and semi-arid regions that are affected by drought, maintaining and developing vegetation and green space are faced with serious challenge of the dearth of water. The purpose of this study is to compare the water requirement of Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill and Morus alba as common species in Robat Karim, located in the southwest of the Tehran province. This research was carried out in greenhouse and in the field and saplings of two tree species planted in a completely randomized design in the field and inside the pots. This research has two stages and each stage consists of several phases. The results showed that in Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill and Morus alba species, the fastest time to reach the MAD point respectively was 4 days (from 6 to 9 July), and 4 days (from 6 to 9 July, 10 to 13 July and 29 July to 1 August) in the greenhouse, and the fastest time to reach the MAD point respectively was 7 days (from 9 to 15 July and 9 to 15 August) and 9 days (from 12 to 20 June, 1 to 9 July and 2 to 10 September). The highest moisture consumption of Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill saplings used in the greenhouse and during different months on 11 to 12 July is equal to 19.3% by volumetric water content; 15.6% weight water content or 38.6 mm while the highest moisture consumption is used for Morus alba saplings in the greenhouse and during different months on July 6 to 7, equal to 12.8% by volumetric water content. The weight of water content was 9.83% or 32 mm. The highest moisture consumption used by Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill saplings in the field and during different months on July 1 to 2 was equal to 6.2% by volumetric water content or 4.3% by weight water content while the highest moisture consumption used by male Morus alba saplings in the field and during different months on 18 to 19 August was equal to 3.75% by volumetric water content or 2.7% by weight water content. Generally, the results of this study showed that Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill and Morus alba are classified according to the intensity of water requirement and irrigation frequency from high to low in the field and greenhouse.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ash and Mulberry
  • Evapotranspiration
  • Irrigation Cycle
  • Management Allowable Deplation
  • Water Stress

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اکوهیدرولوژی
دوره 8، شماره 1
فروردین 1400
صفحه 161-176

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 مهر 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 بهمن 1399

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