بررسی عملکرد الگوریتم جنگل تصادفی در پیش‌بینی نوسانات سطح ایستابی در مقایسه‏ با دو مدل‏ درخت تصمیم و شبکۀ عصبی مصنوعی ‌(مطالعۀ موردی: آبخوان آزاد دشت بیرجند)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

امروزه به سبب برداشت‏های بی‏رویه از منابع آب زیرزمینی و افت تراز سطح ایستابی به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‏خشک، برنامه‏ریزی و مدیریت در مصرف این منابع باارزش اهمیت زیادی دارد که این امر نیازمند مطالعۀ رفتار آبخوان نسبت به تغییرات واردشده بر آن است. هدف از انجام این تحقیق، بررسی کارایی الگوریتم جنگل تصادفی در پیش‏بینی تراز سطح ایستابی آبخوان آزاد دشت بیرجند و مقایسۀ نتایج آن با دو مدل درخت تصمیم و شبکۀ عصبی مصنوعی است. در این راستا، ابتدا اطلاعات ورودی به مدل شامل تراز سطح ایستابی چاه‏های مشاهده‏ای، دما، بارندگی، رطوبت و تبخیر طی سال‏های آبی 1389ـ 1390 تا 1395 1396 به صورت ماهانه جمع‏آوری و پس از بررسی روند و حذف آن، برای ایجاد مدل‌های یادشده از بستۀ نرم‏افزاری Rattle در نرم‏افزار آماری R استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از شبیه‏سازی با استفاده از الگوریتم جنگل تصادفی براساس معیارهای ارزیابی معادل 714/0=R2، 003/0=RMSE متر و 598/0=NS نشان می‏دهد این الگوریتم توانایی نسبتاً زیادی در شبیه‏سازی تراز سطح ایستابی آبخوان دارد. از مقایسۀ نتایج این الگوریتم با دو مدل درخت تصمیم و شبکۀ عصبی مصنوعی می‏توان دریافت که نتایج الگوریتم جنگل تصادفی نسبت به مدل درخت تصمیم با 5409/0=R2، 0072/0=RMSE متر و 0187/0-=NS تطابق بیشتری با تراز واقعی آبخوان دارد و با نتایج شبکۀ عصبی مصنوعی با 7055/0=R2، 003/0=RMSE متر و 6046/0=NS هم‌راستا است. همچنین، خروجی الگوریتم جنگل تصادفی نشان می‏دهد در بین پارامترهای ورودی، چاه‏های مشاهده‏ای واقع در نواحی مرکزی دشت و نیز پارامترهای هواشناسی بارندگی و رطوبت در شبیه‏سازی تراز سطح ایستابی آبخوان نقش مؤثرتری نسبت به سایر پارامترها ایفا می‏کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the performance of random forest algorithm in predicting water table fluctuations Compared with two models of decision tree and artificial neural network (Case study: unconfined aquifer of Birjand plain)

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatemeh poursalehi 1
  • Abbas KhasheiSiuki 2
  • Seyyed Reza Hashemi 3
1 Water Resources Engineering PhD student of Birjand University
2 university of birjand, Avini street, birjand city, soth khorasan province,iran
3 Associate Professor Department of Water Engineering of University of Birjand
چکیده [English]

Today, due to uncontrolled withdrawal of groundwater resources and declining water table, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, planning and management in the consumption of these valuable resources are of great importance, which requires a study of the behavior of the aquifer in relation to the changes made on it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of random forest algorithm in predicting the water table of the unconfined aquifer of Birjand plain and to compare the results with two models of decision tree and artificial neural network. In this regard, first, the input data to the model was collected on a monthly basis during 2010-2011 until 2016-2017 water years, and after checking the trend and removing it, to create the mentioned models, the rattle software package in the statistical software R was used. The results of simulation using the random forest algorithm based on evaluation criteria of R2=0.714, RMSE=0.003 and NS=0.598 (m) show that this algorithm has a relatively high ability to simulate the aquifer water table. Comparing the results of this algorithm with two decision tree and artificial neural network models, it can be seen that the results of the random forest algorithm compared to the decision tree model with R2 = 0.5409, RMSE = 0.0072 and NS = -0.0187 (m) is more consistent with the actual water table of the aquifer and is in line with results of the artificial neural network with R2 = 0.7055, RMSE = 0.003 and NS = 0.6046 (m).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evaluation Criteria
  • Groundwater
  • Statistical software R
  • Water Table Simulation
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