بررسی سیلاب شهری اهواز با استفاده از تلفیق تحلیل‌های مکانی و هیدرولوژیک در GIS و افزونۀ HEC-RAS

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران

2 استادیار گروه سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران

3 رئیس مرکز تحقیقات زمینشناسی پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران

چکیده

بررسی آمار و اطلاعات خسارت‌های سالانۀ ناشی از وقوع سیلاب‏ها در ایران بیانگر گستردگی صدمات ناشی از آن به منابع طبیعی است. استفاده از فناوری‌های اطلاعات مکانی و سنجش از دور می‌تواند در کاهش این خسارت‌ها و برنامه‌ریزی بهتر بسیار سودمند باشد. در پژوهش حاضر از این فناوری‌ها برای پهنه‏بندی سیلاب در رودخانۀ کارون و محدودۀ شهر اهواز استفاده شده است. پهنه‏بندی منطقۀ مطالعه‌شده با تلفیق مدل هیدرولیکی و نرم‏افزار ArcGIS از طریق الحاقیۀ HEC-Geo RAS در طول 33 کیلومتر از این رودخانه صورت گرفت. به منظور استخراج مرز سواحل رودخانه در بازۀ شهری اهواز، از طبقه‌بندی نظارت‌شده و تصاویر ماهوارۀ لندست 8 استفاده شد. پس از معرفی اطلاعات هندسی رودخانه به مدل، مقدار ضریب زبری مانینگ برای بازه‏های مختلف تعریف و سپس، دورۀ بازگشت‏های 2، 50 و 100 ساله محاسبه شد. بیشینۀ سرعت در دورۀ بازگشت‏های 2، 50 و 100 ساله به‌ترتیب معادل 6/2، 15/6 و 2/7 متر بر ثانیه حاصل شد. به این معنا که در صورتی که سواحل رودخانه ساماندهی و دیوارسازی شده باشد، آب‌شستگی، فرسایش و رسوب‌گذاری اتفاق نمی‏افتد. در مقایسه با محدودۀ واقعی سیل، انطباق 87 درصد در دورۀ بازگشت 100 ساله حاصل شد. تهیۀ سامانه‏های هشدار سیلاب بر اساس بارش‏های با دورۀ بازگشت بالا، دیواره‌سازی، ساحل‌سازی و ساماندهی رودخانه در مقاطع ناپایدار و فرسایش‌پذیر و اصلاح شیب بستر و لایروبی کانال در مقاطع مورد نیاز، از جمله راهکارهای اجرایی پیشنهادی برای ساماندهی رودخانۀ کارون هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of urban flooding in Ahvaz using the combination of spatial and hydrological analysis in GIS and HEC-RAS plugin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sadegh Donyari 1
  • Mohammad H. Vahidnia 2
  • Shahram Baikpour 3
1 Master of Science in Remote Sensing and GIS,, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
2 Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Head of Medical Geology Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The study of statistics and information on annual damages caused by floods in Iran indicates the extent of flood damage to natural resources. The use of geospatial information and remote sensing technologies can be very helpful in reducing these damages and better planning. In the present study, these technologies have been used for flood zoning in the Karun River in Ahvaz city. The zoning of the study area was done by combining hydraulic model and ArcGIS software through HEC-Geo RAS extension along 33 km of this river. In order to extract the border of the river banks in the urban area of Ahvaz, the supervised classification and Landsat satellite images were used. After introducing the geometric information to the model, the value of the Manning roughness coefficient is determined for different periods and then the return periods of 2, 50, and 100 years are introduced. The maximum speeds in the return periods were 2.6, 6.15, and 7.2 m/s, respectively, which are within the allowable flood speeds. This means that if the river banks are organized and fenced, scouring, erosion, and sedimentation will not occur and water will flow in the main canal without destruction. Preparation of flood warning systems based on precipitation with a high return period that leads to extreme floods, walling, beach construction, and river management in unstable and erodible sections of the river and improving the slope of the bed and canal dredging in the required sections, including the proposed executive solutions for organizing Karun River.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flood Zoning
  • GIS
  • Remote Sensing
  • Manning's Coefficient
  • HEC-RAS
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