نقش جنس سازندهای زمین‌شناسی بر کیفیت آب‌های سطحی و زیرزمینی حوضۀ آبریز سد شیرین‌دره

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری، دانشکدۀ علوم پایه، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد، دانشکدۀ علوم پایه، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

ارزیابی کیفیت منابع آب آشامیدنی و تعیین عوامل طبیعی و انسان‌زاد مؤ‌ثر بر ترکیب شیمیایی آنها نقش بسیار مهمی در پایداری اکوسیستم‌های وابسته به این منابع ایفا می‌کند. در این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی کیفیت آب رودخانه‌ها و چشمه‌های حوضۀ آبریز سد شیرین‌دره و مخزن این سد و بررسی تأثیر جنس سازندها بر کیفیت آنها، داده‌های کیفی این منابع، شامل غلظت یون‌های کلسیم، منیزیم، سدیم، پتاسیم، کربنات، بی‌کربنات، کلراید، سولفات، هدایت الکتریکی، مجموع مواد جامد محلول، سختی کل و pH، در سال‌ آبی 1397-1398 برای 33 نمونه آب سطحی، 6 نمونه آب چشمه و یک نمونه آب مخزن سد شیرین‌دره مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سه شاخص کیفی شامل WQIB، WQIMT و WQIDD برای این نمونه‌های آب محاسبه شدند. برای بررسی تأثیر جنس سازندها بر کیفیت آب، 10 نمونه رسوب رودخانه‌ای از سطح حوضۀ آبریز مورد مطالعه جمع‌آوری شده و نوع کانی‌های موجود در آنها مشخص شد. نتایج نشان داد عامل هوازدگی سنگ نسبت به دو عامل تبخیر و بارش نقش بسیار مهم‌تری در تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی منابع آب مورد مطالعه دارد. واحدهای ژیپسی، شیلی و آهکی به عنوان مهم‌ترین منبع ورود این یون‌ها به داخل آب شناسایی شدند. نتایج تأثیر جنس سازندها را بر ترکیب شیمیایی منابع آب تأیید کرد. براساس مقادیر شاخص‌های کیفی، آب مخزن سد کیفیت بالاتری برای آشامیدن دارد که دلیل آن ‌را می‌توان پیوستن چشمه‌هایی در نزدیکی مخزن سد، به آب‌های ورودی به مخزن در نظر گرفت. کیفیت بهتر آب این چشمه‌ها را می‌توان به منشأ کارستی آنها در سازند تیرگان نسبت داد.

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دوره 8، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 1025-1044
  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 دی 1400
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1400