نقش جنس سازندهای زمین‌شناسی بر کیفیت آب‌های سطحی و زیرزمینی حوضۀ آبریز سد شیرین‌دره

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری، دانشکدۀ علوم پایه، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد، دانشکدۀ علوم پایه، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

ارزیابی کیفیت منابع آب آشامیدنی و تعیین عوامل طبیعی و انسان‌زاد مؤ‌ثر بر ترکیب شیمیایی آنها نقش بسیار مهمی در پایداری اکوسیستم‌های وابسته به این منابع ایفا می‌کند. در این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی کیفیت آب رودخانه‌ها و چشمه‌های حوضۀ آبریز سد شیرین‌دره و مخزن این سد و بررسی تأثیر جنس سازندها بر کیفیت آنها، داده‌های کیفی این منابع، شامل غلظت یون‌های کلسیم، منیزیم، سدیم، پتاسیم، کربنات، بی‌کربنات، کلراید، سولفات، هدایت الکتریکی، مجموع مواد جامد محلول، سختی کل و pH، در سال‌ آبی 1397-1398 برای 33 نمونه آب سطحی، 6 نمونه آب چشمه و یک نمونه آب مخزن سد شیرین‌دره مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سه شاخص کیفی شامل WQIB، WQIMT و WQIDD برای این نمونه‌های آب محاسبه شدند. برای بررسی تأثیر جنس سازندها بر کیفیت آب، 10 نمونه رسوب رودخانه‌ای از سطح حوضۀ آبریز مورد مطالعه جمع‌آوری شده و نوع کانی‌های موجود در آنها مشخص شد. نتایج نشان داد عامل هوازدگی سنگ نسبت به دو عامل تبخیر و بارش نقش بسیار مهم‌تری در تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی منابع آب مورد مطالعه دارد. واحدهای ژیپسی، شیلی و آهکی به عنوان مهم‌ترین منبع ورود این یون‌ها به داخل آب شناسایی شدند. نتایج تأثیر جنس سازندها را بر ترکیب شیمیایی منابع آب تأیید کرد. براساس مقادیر شاخص‌های کیفی، آب مخزن سد کیفیت بالاتری برای آشامیدن دارد که دلیل آن ‌را می‌توان پیوستن چشمه‌هایی در نزدیکی مخزن سد، به آب‌های ورودی به مخزن در نظر گرفت. کیفیت بهتر آب این چشمه‌ها را می‌توان به منشأ کارستی آنها در سازند تیرگان نسبت داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of geological formations lithology on surface and groundwater quality of Shirin Darreh dam watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Tajbakhshian 1
  • Abolfazl Mosaedi 2
  • Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy Gharaie 3
  • Sayyed Reza Moussavi Harami 3
1 Department of Geology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Water Science and Engineering Department Agriculture Faculty, Water and Environment Research Institute. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran Postal Code: 91779-48978
3 Department of Geology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Assessment of drinking water resources quality and determination of natural and anthropogenic effective factors on their chemical composition has an important role in sustainability of ecosystems depending on these resources. In this study, aimed at assessing water quality of rivers and springs in Shirin Darreh dam watershed and the reservoir and investigating the effect of formations lithology on their quality, water quality data in 2018-2019 water year for 33 samples of the rivers, 6 samples of springs and one sample collected from the reservoir were used. Three water quality indices including WQIB, WQIMT, and WQIDD were calculated for these samples. 10 sediment samples were collected from the study area and their mineral content were determined to study the lithology effect on water quality. The results of Gibbs diagram showed that rock weathering was more important than evaporation and precipitation in determining the chemical composition of the study water resources. Also, the major type and face in the collected water samples, and gypsum, shale and marl were detected as the most important source of these ions. The results reflect the effect of the lithology on the chemical composition of the study water resources. Gypsum and the various clay minerals that were in accordance with the hydrogeochemical studies.The stored water in the reservoir had higher quality for drinking that can be contributed to the springs joining in adjacent to the reservoir. The higher quality of these springs can be due to their origin in the Tirgan karstic Formation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drinking water resources quality
  • Rock weathering
  • Type and face
  • Formations lithology
  • Karstic origin
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